Service robot assessment and operation

ABSTRACT

A customer service robot may be selected, or configured, to address a particular work item. Robots may comprise different functionality due to absent software or hardware or due to existent but worn or non-compliant components. A particular work item may have several means of resolution. A particular resolution path is selected in accord with the ability of a robot. Should no path exist, the robot may be transformed by the addition or installation of hardware and/or software to provide the absent functionality. Resolution paths may also be weighted based on the level of success provided by prior resolution paths and/or the requirement for human involvement. Accordingly, a resolution path may be provided that balances robot capability with the likelihood of success and an appropriate level of human involvement.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The disclosure relates generally to command and control of microprocessor-driven mechanical devices.

BACKGROUND

Automation and mechanization of human tasks has lead to many of the advances found in modern life. Devices, such as robots, are available to provide many functions. For example, low-cost, general purpose personal robots are available as toys or tools for hobbyists. High-powered, high-precision industrial robots are available for industrial or commercial applications. Unfortunately, the cost, power, programming, maintenance, calibration, and other requirements make a human the preferred actor for many needs.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure can provide a number of advantages depending on the particular configuration. These and other advantages will be apparent from the disclosure and the embodiments herein.

In one embodiment, a personal robot may be provided to connect to a business at a customer location. The robot may be programmed and/or instructed to do nearly any function in a house or business on behalf of a contact center agent. For example, repairing a household appliance, pickup and delivery, mending socks, medical functions, etc. A contact center may provide the robot with downloadable or pre-loaded code for fine maneuvering.

Security and privacy are areas of concern in contact center and robot interactions with customers. Authentication, blocked functions, third-party oversight, and standards must be considered, such as to promote trust and overcome resistance to adoption. Documented and demonstrable security and privacy measures promotes consumer acceptance of higher-level robot functions in their home.

In one embodiment, a robotic solution is provided comprising security, privacy, monitoring, and/or interaction capabilities between contact centers and customers. A robot may comprise components that are owned or controlled by a customer. A particular function may be performed by a robot provided via the contact center, the customer, or a combination thereof. Additionally, a robot may interact with customer-owned components (e.g., power supply, communication interface, input-output device, etc.). Robots may have a variety of information gathering tools that, whether real or perceived, present a risk to the contact center if information obtained is misused or stolen and a risk to the customer for loss of information, loss of privacy, and anguish over the potential for such information to be used to perpetrate a crime or other unwelcome action against the customer. Accordingly, when a contact center deploys a robot or interacts with a customer-owned robot or other equipment, security and authentication are priorities. As an extension of the contact center's capabilities within a customer's home, facets of security and connection beyond the current models must be considered and implemented.

Software Security:

As security is a priority, in one embodiment, a contact center has the ability to deem whether a robot is “clean enough” to be trusted as its agent to enter and operate in a customer's home or business. As such, the contact center can employ the following tasks: a) verify that a trusted anti-virus security software/system is present on the robot and operational; b) load a virus scanning software module as part of its downloadable software package for further verification; and/or c) invoke a trusted “cleaning cycle” of a trusted anti-virus software package or operating system capability.

Movement and Interaction Verification:

To verify identity or human physical capabilities, software could be downloaded to authenticate or provide simple human capability verification. Consider the following embodiments:

1. The contact center may command a local robot to ask a local human to tap its shoulder twice, pat its head once, hold both wrists, etc. as a means to verify the mobility and/or language compression of the human.

2. The contact center may command the robot to request that the human go through a physical password. The physical password may comprise, for example, one or more of vocal utterances, arm or hand movements in free space, and additional movements that may involve the robot. For example, one human's password could consist of saying “One, Blue,” then taking two steps towards the robot and touching the left shoulder of the robot with the human's left hand.

3. In addition to movement interaction sequences, the robot may be a local agent to accept and authenticate other forms of voice, visual, and interaction multi-factor authentication. Notifications can be provided by robots, agents, and customers as authentication and testing take place.

4. Various algorithms for the duration of the authentication period can be enforced, including: time-based (e.g., good for one hour, etc.), proximity-based (e.g., human must be in sight at all times without interruption to the robot, must be within a certain distance), biometrics-based (e.g., good only while subject is observed to be living, respiration is below 20 breaths per minute, etc.), continuous vocal/audio interaction-based (e.g., robot hears human's breathing, low volume heartbeat effects, requires human to carry on continuous conversation, etc.), and/or event-based (e.g., good until a given event occurs, good for three attempts, etc.). Multiple techniques may be employed for notifying a human that the validation period is coming to a close or needs to be refreshed, including: audio announcements, visual displays, or specific movements (e.g., look at human, extend arms, open/close palm three times as if to ask for a key, etc.).

Authentication Through 3D Reconstruction:

A robot may have one or more movable “heads” and thus one or more fixed or movable cameras. The robot can capture still or video images in optical and non-optical wavelengths, passive and/or induced magnetic field imaging, and/or sonar or other mechanical wave-based imaging. The robot may determine the precise location of the camera relative to the body of the robot. With this information, a robot can be programmed by the contact center to transmit a stream of data to the contact center and enable the contact center systems to perform scene/environment two-dimensional (2D) and/or three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. With a receiver in the robot's arm, hand, etc., a service like 3D human imaging (e.g., x-ray, sonogram, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, etc.) may be provided. Reconstructed 3D environments and/or subjects may be used for 3D identification of humans at the robot location, systems/equipment diagnostics, and as an input to holographic 3D scene recreation for use by contact center agents. Alternatively, processing can be done solely or partially by the robot for individual inputs and optionally with a derived 3D scene description transmitted to the contact center.

O/S Blocking Function for Privacy:

A robot provided, in whole or in part by the user (e.g., customer), or “bring your own robot” (BYOR) may gather a wealth of personal information from data collected or analyzed. Accordingly, the robot may employ a base operating system and/or other applications that specifically limit, for example, a contact center application's ability to gather information to only that which is essential for a 3D reconstruction or other permitted/required task.

A robot's imaging may be varied based on a more precise location. For example, while an image of a human patient for medical purposes may have a high frame rate, pixel resolution, and/or pixels per frame up to and including the maximum imaging capacity of one or more cameras. However, travel through the patient's home may be more limited, such as to minimally satisfy the requirement for autonomous travel within the home and avoid capturing unnecessarily detailed images unrelated to a purpose of the robot.

A robot may be limited by owner-provided software and/or configuration as to where images may be permitted (e.g., only in the laundry room for a washer repair application and not the living room or other rooms of the house). Similarly, other information may be limited by a blocking function, such as quality of audio, where audio may be collected, review of audio, etc., or for location, precision of location information, requiring location information to be relative (e.g., three feet from starting point, then two feet, etc.) but not absolute (e.g., no GPS coordinates), so robot can move around the room safely, but cannot transmit the effective location of the house itself. Another function when feeding video from the robot to the agent can be to mask faces other than the authorized human in the home and/or obscure other identifying items. The system and/or application can, based on user privacy settings, pixilate, fuzz, or otherwise sufficiently obscure the faces of other people, children, displayed images (e.g., artwork, photographs, etc.), diplomas, etc. that might be displayed in a home or business.

Blocked and Limited Functions:

Another area of security concern is abated by the contact center having the ability to provide blocked functions, such as blocked fields in co-browsing. Functions can be totally blocked, blocked based on location, blocked based on client's approval, and time-based functions with expiration. For example, with regard to a washing machine repair, a robot may not be permitted to touch physical objects, other than the floor for support, outside of the laundry room, and only allowed to touch and manipulate the washer for the purpose of performing the repair, which may optionally be time-limited (e.g., sixty minutes, etc).

Third-Party Oversight:

Safety can also be a concern when robots are in a home. Third-party oversight can be provided per customer request or by design given the complexity or potential safety issues for a task. A providing company may use a resource similar to VeriSign for this purpose. Consider, for example, the washing machine repair scenario: a customer might be afraid that a contact center-owned robot may use the screwdriver to attack them. The customer can thus request third-party oversight of robot actions. In another example, a customer may be concerned that a robot may damage walls or other property, become entangled in cords, rugs, etc., or otherwise become a hazard to persons or property due to an operation having an unintended consequence.

Several mechanisms are disclosed with regard to providing third-party oversight:

1. The base operating system of the robot can have certain rules preprogrammed into a continuous monitoring oversight function.

2. The local human/owner can acquire third-party oversight software to perform the blocking control function.

3. A contact center/repair company can submit software to a testing institute (e.g., Underwriters Laboratory) for “safety certification.”

4. To limit liability, a contact center/repair company can require that either the first or second disclosed mechanism is present on the machine in addition to certifications it may perform on its own software as a “safe harbor” requirement.

5. Institute and advertise a policy requiring third-party oversight when a situation involves a robot's handling of sharp objects, hazardous chemicals, high-value objects, or other high-risk objects.

6. A second trusted robot may be deployed in the home or business for observing the actions of the first robot, whether it is contact center- or customer-owned. “Observing” here can be visual monitoring, monitoring of first robot fundamentals (e.g., speed of movement of an arm, proximity to local humans —keep a safe distance, etc.). Additionally, keep alive/verified sanity interactions between a watchdog master robot and a working robot (owned by a customer or contact center) can be employed. Finally, a trusted robot can be deployed to “protect” the local humans from attack, thrown objects, excessive noise, etc.

Examples of a Dispatched Agent Robot:

1. A home robot, which may comprise third-party software, is dispatched on a mission and leaves premises (e.g., to go grocery shopping, conduct pharmacy pickup, attend community meeting for remote participation, vote, etc.).

2. A robot comprises a control mechanism for spending currency on behalf of owner (e.g., remote validation, voice verification, pre-authorized spending limit, etc.).

3. Standard interface for police identification compliance, such as for identification of a robot and/or robot owner to police in response to the robot performing an illegal action, such as a trespass, traffic infraction, or other criminal or civil violation. Standard interface for government/police-to-robot interaction (e.g., order the robot to abort its mission and leave the area due to a fire or other hazard, etc.). Standard language capability for authority control (e.g., voice language, signal-encoded laser with VeriSign certificate authority and remote command capability).

4. Return-home functionally for a robot in the field experiencing operational issues, failing a self-check, or other out-of-specification condition. The return-home functionality may be implemented, in whole or in part, by third-party software.

In one embodiment, and by way of general introduction, robotic service agents are provided with security and control aspects similar to those provided to human service agents (e.g., repair personnel, home healthcare workers, cleaners, etc.). For example, human service agents may be restricted, either formally or by expectations, to conform to certain physical constraints of the service area, such as a home. In particular, a human service agent on-site at a service area for the purpose of repairing a refrigerator may be allowed free access to the kitchen area with the refrigerator and points between the refrigerator and the entry to the service area, but cause concern if they enter a bedroom.

In order for robotic service agents to be more readily accepted, security concerns, whether real or perceived, need to be addressed. In part, robotic service agents may need to be confined to a “need to know” mode of operation and not access locations or information that is not required to perform a task for which the robotic service agent is being utilized. Use of robotic service agents may instill security concerns similar to those of human service agents (e.g., theft, accessing unjustified areas of the service area, gathering information without a bona fide reason, harm to persons or property, etc.). Additionally, robotic service agents are computers which comprise input components (e.g., microphones, cameras, radar, etc.) and communication components (e.g., WiFi, cellular, Ethernet, Bluetooth, infrared, etc.). A user or customer of a robotic service agent may be concerned that the robotic service agent is a “Trojan horse” utilized for communicating gathered information to parties unknown, or known but potentially nefarious. Robotic service agents have one or more physical capabilities, which may be another source of concern. For example, programming or instruction failure or error, mechanical failure, communication failure, action of a bad-actor in communication with the robotic service agent, or other condition may be perceived as a physical risk to persons, property, or data. For example, a robotic service agent may knock over a lamp, steal a wallet, attack a human with a screwdriver, or cause a storage device full of family pictures to be purged. Even if a particular robotic service agent is not capable of perform such unwanted acts, the perceived risks may still require management and mitigation in order for robotic service agents to gain broader acceptance.

Robotic service agents may be embodied as end-user (e.g., customer) owned and operated, contact center-owned and/or operated device, third-party-owned and operated, or various portions and combinations thereof. In one embodiment, the customer may own a portion of the robot but a particular task requires a specialized tool. The contact center or third-party may provide the tool, which may be kept by the customer or returned upon completion of the task. In another embodiment, the customer may own computational and/or communication portion and access software from the contact center or third-party, to allow specialized functionality of the robotic service agent.

Sourcing a robotic service agent's components, in order to configure the robotic service agent to be able to perform a particular task, may come from a variety of sources and, as a result, the associated security vulnerabilities may also come from a variety of sources. Errant or malicious software (e.g., viruses, malware, bugs, etc.) may be found in legitimate software of the customer, contact center, third-party, and/or other software provider. Additionally, imposter software; data interception; loss of communication and/or control; incompatibility with logical and/or physically attached components; flawed hardware, and/or other component may allow the robotic service agent to operate in a manner outside of its intended service purpose.

The acceptance of the Bring Your Own Robot (BYOR) service model may depend, at least partially, on social interaction management. Providing a customer service robot that performs a customer service task may not be enough to promote acceptance. A contact center in communication with a robot may manage the robot's parameters. Robots should stay within the bounds of what local human clients will accept for speed of movement, span of movement, and ability to follow directions/actions. Default levels may be provided by testing with potential customers to set thresholds for speeds and “wildness” based on customer comfort levels. Additional controls may be provided to contact center agents and/or customers if they are particularly sensitive. One customer may be highly tolerant of a robot moving quickly and state, “Yeah, the robot goes wild, but I just wait for it to be done” versus another customer who may protest and say, “Slow down! You're scaring me here with your rapid motions.” Social interaction may also be important for some customers. Accordingly, there may be a need for the robot to interject banter or other voice/motion interaction with the customer so that the robot does not just do the work, such as repairing the washing machine, but occasionally talks to the customer as a human repair technician may do. The robot may then answer questions based on internal processes and data or direct the questions to an agent of the contact center in communication with the robot or other communication channel.

A. Social Interaction Management Embodiments May Include:

1. In one embodiment, an action parameter of the robot may be set, such as in accord with a customer demographic and records on file, which may further include previously accepted parameters on file (e.g., OK to act quickly, go out of sight, interact with family members (children, pets, plants), permission to move household objects, provide two-way video transmission, etc.).

2. In another embodiment, the robot interaction parameter may be modified (expanded/contracted), such as based on human interaction (e.g., “please slow down,” “stay away from those plants,” “don't touch the vases,” “ok to move that stuff,” “ok to interact with the kids or dog,” etc.).

3. In another embodiment, the robot is provided with an ability to observe human reaction, even if unvoiced, and modify behavior accordingly. For example, the customer may gesture, conduct a side conversation with others (e.g., “This robot is so damn slow.”), speed up their movement or range of motion as they move farther away from unit, etc.

4. In another embodiment, the robot is provided with an ability to observe human reaction, including reading facial features (e.g., fear after movement, or annoyance/frustration when moving slowly), hand gestures (gesturing to “get away from the china!”), etc.

5. In another embodiment, the robot is provided with an ability to characterize a person as having disabilities and thus modify the interaction methods (e.g., raise volume of speech interaction if hard of hearing, use larger font display if sight impaired, identify person as possibly having diminished mental capacity through the use of words, speech patterns (e.g., Down's syndrome), slurred speech/smell of alcohol or observation of illicit drugs, etc.

6. In another embodiment, Contact Center Routing is provided by the robot based upon a characterized customer characteristic (in addition to language desired) used to route to an agent. For example, a customer needs agent control with efficiency, extra care, or ability to perform repair in an unusual situation (e.g., washing machine is bolted to a shelf high up in the air, so a ladder is needed).

7. In another embodiment, legal restrictions are accommodated by the robot. For example, a female agent is needed because the robot is performing health care functions with a female client, a certified agent is required because the robot is going to disassemble a client-owned system that is no longer in warranty, etc.

Accurate capability characterization may remove many barriers to robot acceptance. Differentiation may be managed between a customer-owned robot versus a dispatched robot, robot complexity, and robot operating systems where all types have at least one physical capability. Once a capability is determined, one or more robots can be selected and dispatched for service, including where some work will be automated and other work will be human-augmented computer control. Additionally, the robots with servo motors may be characterized for their capability in space (e.g., code-based skills and capability mapping). A specific robot or robot type may have multiple pre-set values, such as hearing levels and multiple cameras and views, to provide characterization of a customer environment. Multi-skill interactions and routing may be addressed and may further incorporate an agent or team of agents controlling one or more robots. Third-party oversight may be provided on the request of the customer (or by design) by a providing company (e.g., VeriSign-like) given the complexity of a task.

B. Capability Characterization Embodiments May Include:

1. In one embodiment, a robot is characterized based on model information, such as the purchased capability/features of the base operating system, additionally identified accessories/attachments (e.g., micro-tweezer finger attachments, infrared-sensing camera option, etc), customer input, etc.

2. In another embodiment, exercising pre-work qualifications characterize specific capabilities of the robot. For example, a sight test on a standard visual chart may characterize focusing ability and the cleanliness of a lens of a robot's camera. Another example would be validating robot ability to lift a standard weight and/or calibrate a force applied, such as lifting a ten pound weight three inches or moving one centimeter and comparing the expected result with the actual height of the weight or the actual distance moved.

3. In another embodiment, a component, such as a camera, may characterize three-dimensional (3D) aspects of an environment for validation of camera operation and calibration.

4. In another embodiment, a robot's reporting of capabilities and/or controls are characterized, such as by a software assurance/validation process or model provided by a trusted third party (such as an equivalent to Underwriters Laboratories' certification provided to qualified electrical devices) and may further comprise a digitally signed certification.

5. In another embodiment, presence of oversight or control/protection software and validity is provided, such as by a similar trusted third party.

In another embodiment, interaction recording and optional playback is provided. Interaction recording may capture the actions of an agent, robot, and/or user interactions. The robot may then capture the interaction and optionally replay the interaction using the same or different equipment. The robot may simulate replay using 3D replication in viewing (e.g., holographic imaging), the ability to relate robot interactions to location, movement of local objects, and interaction with other tagged/radio-frequency identification (RFID) objects.

C. Recording/Playback Embodiments May Include:

1. Local and/or remote recording of visual, audio, and/or motion interactions are provided.

2. Ability to play back visual/audio/interaction records for contact center staff and/or customer is provided.

Analysis of captured actions of agent, robot, and/or customer may include an assessment of the success or failure and normalized values, a determination of a type and/or responsibility of a failure, determination that the system has been compromised, and/or the ability to identify sessions for performance review for involved contact center agents.

D. Performance Analysis Embodiments May Include:

1. Real-time analysis of visual/movement by local and/or remote monitoring software for the purpose of identifying a potential or detected mechanical failure of the robot or of a mismatch between commands and reaction thereby indicating a potential software error or virus/hacker compromise in an underlying system.

3. Ability to play back visual/audio/interaction records for review, management/QA staff on how an agent controlled the robot, success level of interactions, and potential improvements to “scripts” for contact center agents.

4. Ability to analyze interactions automatically (e.g., speech and/or motion analytics) to select sessions that require further human review.

5. Ability to analyze interactions automatically and score them for success, customer satisfaction, agent satisfaction, and/or efficiency to establish baseline scoring. Then the ability to detect positive or negative outliers for further analysis plus score agents for above/below “agent normal score” for either taking their best ideas and teaching to others, or providing that agent more training due to substandard performance.

The following are vertical markets that may be serviced by BYOR concepts and ones that a contact center might include, but are not limited to: hospitality, health care, general service, food, security, finance, simple trades (e.g., plumbing, electrical, etc.), home network and robotized home components (e.g., cupboards, garage door, etc.), self-driving vehicle, insurance adjustments, work bidding, task decomposition, staff supplementation (e.g., a B2B for robots or skills), and door-to-door sales (e.g., a vendor sends a robot and/or drone with five item choices).

E. Vertical-Specific Embodiments May Include:

In a healthcare example, Customer A desires to sign up for a life insurance policy. As part of that process, Customer A needs to have basic vitals taken (e.g., blood pressure, temperature, etc.) and provide a urine sample to the insurance company. When Customer A calls an insurance company, a robot is deployed to Customer A's house (unless one is already there having appropriate capabilities to complete the necessary tasks). Once Customer A and the robot are in the presence of one another, the robot (or customer) calls an insurance company call center where the call is routed to a human agent that will walk the customer and the robot through the necessary steps. Control over the robot may or may not be made available to the agent (or Customer A). While the necessary steps are taken, the agent is able to view the interaction (e.g., via a camera on the robot) and ensure the appropriate practices are followed.

Once the interaction is done, the robot can take the sample and communicate any other information to the agent. The robot can leave and move on to another task. An interaction can occur directly between Customer A and the agent until all tasks are completed. In this example, the robot executes simple functions according to its capabilities on behalf of the agent. If the robot is not deployed by the insurance company, then the process may first require a step where the robot communicates its capabilities to the agent, thereby enabling the agent to know what steps can be completed with the robot and what steps will need to be completed later (perhaps via another robot, on video, or with a deployed human).

The term “robot,” as used herein, refers to a robotic service agent comprising a microprocessor, physical capability in communication with the microprocessor, and a communication interface.

The phrases “at least one,” “one or more,” “or,” and “and/or” are open-ended expressions that are both conjunctive and disjunctive in operation. For example, each of the expressions “at least one of A, B and C,” “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “A, B, and/or C,” and “A, B, or C” means A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, or A, B and C together.

The term “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity. As such, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more,” and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein. It is also to be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” can be used interchangeably.

The term “automatic” and variations thereof, as used herein, refers to any process or operation, which is typically continuous or semi-continuous, done without material human input when the process or operation is performed. However, a process or operation can be automatic, even though performance of the process or operation uses material or immaterial human input, if the input is received before performance of the process or operation. Human input is deemed to be material if such input influences how the process or operation will be performed. Human input that consents to the performance of the process or operation is not deemed to be “material.”

Aspects of the present disclosure may take the form of an embodiment that is entirely hardware, an embodiment that is entirely software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module,” or “system.” Any combination of one or more computer-readable medium(s) may be utilized. The computer-readable medium may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium.

A computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

A computer-readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer-readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium may be any computer-readable medium that is not a computer-readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Program code embodied on a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including, but not limited to, wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

The terms “determine,” “calculate,” “compute,” and variations thereof, as used herein, are used interchangeably and include any type of methodology, process, mathematical operation or technique.

The term “means” as used herein shall be given its broadest possible interpretation in accordance with 35 U.S.C., Section 112(f) and/or Section 112, Paragraph 6 Accordingly, a claim incorporating the term “means” shall cover all structures, materials, or acts set forth herein, and all of the equivalents thereof. Further, the structures, materials or acts and the equivalents thereof shall include all those described in the summary, brief description of the drawings, detailed description, abstract, and claims themselves.

The preceding is a simplified summary of the disclosure to provide an understanding of some aspects of the disclosure. This summary is neither an extensive nor exhaustive overview of the disclosure and its various embodiments. It is intended neither to identify key or critical elements of the disclosure nor to delineate the scope of the disclosure but to present selected concepts of the disclosure in a simplified form as an introduction to the more detailed description presented below. As will be appreciated, other embodiments of the disclosure are possible utilizing, alone or in combination, one or more of the features set forth above or described in detail below. Also, while the disclosure is presented in terms of exemplary embodiments, it should be appreciated that an individual aspect of the disclosure can be separately claimed.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure is described in conjunction with the appended figures:

FIG. 1 depicts a first system in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 depicts an architecture in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 depicts a second system in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4A depicts a first system comprising instructions in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4B depicts a second system comprising instructions in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4C depicts a third system comprising instructions in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4D depicts a fourth system comprising instructions in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5A depicts a first multiple robot system in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5B depicts a second multiple robot system in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 depicts a contact center system in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 depicts a first communication system in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 depicts a second communication system in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 depicts a first interaction in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 depicts a second interaction in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 depicts a third interaction in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 depicts a fourth interaction in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 depicts a fifth interaction in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 depicts a sixth interaction in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 depicts a service scenario in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 16 depicts a resolution path selection in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 17 depicts a capability requirement determination diagram in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 18 depicts a requirement table in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 19 depicts a robot capability table in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 20 depicts a resolution path selection process in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The ensuing description provides embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the claims. Rather, the ensuing description will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing the embodiments. It will be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Any reference in the description comprising an element number, without a subelement identifier when a subelement identifier exists in the figures, when used in the plural, is intended to reference any two or more elements with a like element number. When such a reference is made in the singular form, it is intended to reference one of the elements with the like element number without limitation to a specific one of the elements. Any explicit usage herein to the contrary or providing further qualification or identification shall take precedence.

The exemplary systems and methods of this disclosure will also be described in relation to analysis software, modules, and associated analysis hardware. However, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure, the following description omits well-known structures, components, and devices that may be shown in block diagram form, and are well known or are otherwise summarized.

For purposes of explanation, numerous details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. It should be appreciated, however, that the present disclosure may be practiced in a variety of ways beyond the specific details set forth herein.

In one embodiment, a system is disclosed, comprising: a data repository; a microprocessor; a network interface connecting the microprocessor to a communication network; and the microprocessor: receives, via the network interface, a work item requiring a physical act at a service location; performing an assessment of a robot, the assessment determining a capability to perform an operation required to resolve the work item; selecting a resolution in accord with the capability, wherein the resolution addresses the work item; provisioning the robot with the resolution; and signaling the robot to execute the resolution.

In another embodiment, an electronic device is disclosed, comprising: a data repository; a microprocessor; a network interface connecting the microprocessor to a network; and wherein the microprocessor: receives, via an interface of the electronic device, a work item requiring a physical act at a service location; performs an assessment of a robot, the assessment determining a capability to perform an operation required to resolve the work item; selects a resolution in accord with the capability, wherein the resolution addresses the work item; provisions, via the network, the robot with the resolution; and signals the robot to execute the resolution.

In another embodiment, a robot is disclosed, comprising: a data repository; a microprocessor; a user interface; and wherein the microprocessor: receives, via the user interface, a work item requiring a physical act at a service location; performs an assessment of a robot, the assessment determining a capability to perform an operation required to resolve the work item; accesses, from the data repository, a plurality of resolutions addressing the work item; selects one of the plurality of resolutions in accord with the capability; provisions the robot with the resolution; and signals the robot to execute the resolution.

FIG. 1 depicts a system in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, robot 102 is provided to service location 104 to perform a task. The task may comprise one or more physical aspects or activities within service location 104. Service location 104 may be any customer-controlled location, including, but not limited to, interior and/or exterior portions of a home, retail, commercial, municipal, or industrial facility. Robot 102 may be entirely or partially owned by the customer. It should be noted that owned includes, but is not limited to, having legal title, possession, authority over, management over, stewardship of, rented, leased, borrowed, or other control associated with legal possession and authority to act as an owner, less any rights contractually surrendered. In another embodiment, robot 102 is entirely owned by a contact center, or other entity.

In another embodiment, a portion of robot 102 is owned by a customer and another portion is owned by the contact center. The portion of robot 102 owned by the contact center may be hardware and/or software. For example, a customer may wish to deploy robot 102 to perform a specialized task, such as to repair a washing machine. Robot 102 may require specialized tools to perform such a task. Accordingly, the customer may contact the contact center or other entity and schedule delivery of a component to coordinate with robot 102 and provide the tools necessary to complete the task. In another embodiment, robot 102 may not have instructions to perform a task. The customer may download or otherwise acquire instructions to enable robot 102 to perform the desired task. In yet another embodiment, software instructions may be provided as embedded software with an attachment. To continue the prior example, robot 102 is fitted with a specialized tool required to repair a washing machine. The specialized tool, which may be a “dumb” tool (e.g., wrench, lift, pulley, etc.) and not require any computational ability for itself to operate, but may contain a media comprising instructions that, once in communication with robot 102, enables robot 102 to perform a task. The specialized tool may also be a “smart” tool (e.g., robotic arm, etc.) having a microprocessor and its own instructions and optionally a media having instructions for robot 102 to perform the task or a portion thereof. For example, a specialized tool may perform an operation, such as applying a force to a shaft held by a bearing and robot 102 may be configured by the instructions to examine images of the bearing captured by a camera and, based thereon, determine if the bearing has failed.

Robot 102 may be entirely autonomous, autonomous once positioned in a predetermined location or proximate to the object of a task, or a drone or proxy for an operator, such as a supervisor robot or agent of a contact center remotely controlling robot 102 in whole or in part. Control may alternate from robot 102 to a networked supervisor, human or robotic, based upon progression of the task, specific waypoints in a task, or due to component or linkage failures. In one embodiment, a human remotely operating robot 102 may suffer a loss of communication and robot 102 may proceed autonomously to ensure the task progresses or is placed in a safe state. For example, an agent of a contact center may be remotely operating robot 102 and attempting to light a pilot light of a gas water heater when communication between the contact center and agent are lost. Robot 102 may be configured to then discontinue attempting to light the pilot light, turn off the gas supply, and wait for communications to be restored.

In another embodiment, robot 102 may interact with one or more human and/or automated resources. For example, robot 102 may utilize an on-board speaker or display to communicate with a human, such as to request assistance in locating the object of the task. In another embodiment, robot 102 may communicate with an off-site resource (human and/or automated) to access data, instructions, etc. or to provide data, which may include, but is not limited to, images, videos, sound, and/or other data (e.g., serial numbers, settings, display values, etc.).

Security for robot 102 and the actions performed by robot 102 may be a particularly sensitive issue for consumer acceptance, such as the owner, occupant, controller, etc. of service location 104, which may comprise personal or other sensitive information and objects and persons. Robot 102 may comprise, in part, a computer with communication ability and be subject to viruses or other malware. Accordingly, robot 102 may be provided with anti-virus software, which may be verified and provide assurance that robot 102 operates without influence from unauthorized parties. While certain on-board security measures may be implemented (as discussed more completely with respect to FIG. 2), external monitoring, command, and/or control resources may be provided to robot 102 directly, such as via a direct signal received by, sent from, antenna 106 (e.g., WiFi, cellular, Bluetooth, GPS, etc.). Antenna 106 may be configured to operate using other electromagnetic signals (e.g., infrared, radar, etc.) and/or mechanical signals (e.g., sound, feelers, etc.).

Robot 102 may communicate before, during, and/or after entering service location 104 with one or more monitoring services, such as physical security 108. Physical security 108 may monitor a number of inputs, for example, to determine that robot 102 is at the correct service location 104, is not removed from service location 104 (e.g., stolen), opened by an unauthorized party, subject to stresses outside of predetermined limits (e.g., being hit, falling down stairs, colliding with an object, etc.). In another embodiment, physical security 108 may define operations to avoid damaging or accessing (actual or perceived) unauthorized data (e.g., electronic “eavesdropping,” audio/visual eavesdropping, room layouts, images or identification of items/persons unrelated to the task, etc.). Physical security 108 may then monitor the position of robot 102, data that is, has been, or could be gathered and apply means to terminate such a security breach (e.g., temporarily disable the microphone), dispose of inappropriate or unrelated data (e.g., discarding room maps or images), and/or require permission to perform an action from remote and/or on-site resources (e.g., “Mr. Smith, may I have access to your electrical service panel?”).

We now consider example scenarios and the embodiments disclosed therein. In a first scenario, a customer encounters a middle-of-the-night chirping of a smoke detector with a failing battery. The customer is unable or unwilling to climb a ladder to replace the battery themselves or have another person do the task. Accordingly, the customer opens a service request with a contact center to have a new batter replaced by robot 102.

In a first sub-scenario, the customer owns robot 102, which is configured to perform the entirely of the task. Robot 102 is provided with a replacement battery, or configured to access a replacement battery, and performs the replacement. In a second sub-scenario, the customer owns robot 102, which comprises hardware to perform the task, but lacks sufficient instructions to perform the task. The customer accesses a set of instruction software 110, such as via a web interface to an application store, acquires the store for provisioning robot 102 which is then deployed to replace the battery. Alternatively, robot 102 may utilize in whole or in part, external processing agent 112 to perform real-time or near real-time data processing. For example, robot 102 may acquire an image of the smoke detector and utilize external processing agent 112 to provide an update to the procedure based upon identification of the particular make and model of the smoke detector (e.g., the particular model requires a modification to the instructions in order to access the battery compartment, etc.). In a third sub-scenario, the customer owns robot 102 which lacks the physical capacity to perform the task. The customer arranges for associated hardware, which may then be physically or logically attached to robot 102 to perform the task. For example, robot 102 may lack the ability to access the smoke detector. An accessory may be provisioned that either flies, climbs walls, has extension legs, or has other means of accessing the ceiling and the smoke detector to perform the task or enable robot 102 to perform the task.

In a fourth sub-scenario, the customer does not own robot 102 or is otherwise unable to provide any hardware to assist robot 102 in performing the task. Accordingly, the customer may acquire robot 102 for the purpose of performing the task.

The forgoing scenario, and related sub-scenarios, illustrates certain basic operations and components utilized in performing a task. Additional components and instructions utilized to perform a task, as well as to help ensure success, protect persons, property, and data, and promote customer acceptance, may be provided. Robot 102 may image the room or other area to identify the location of the smoke detector. In the process, robot 102 may acquire images of people, including children, the layout of the home, location of objects of value, pictures, etc. as well as acquire certain information related to communications (e.g., wireless router name and password, network attached devices, etc.). Privacy monitoring 114 may provide instructions to robot 102 (e.g., delete certain information, downgrade the image quality showing certain elements, turn off microphones, purge all acquired data after thirty minutes, etc.). Additionally, third-party monitoring/auditing 116 may be provided to ensure compliance via certification services or other verification. It should be appreciated that physical security 108, privacy 114, and/or third-party monitoring/auditing 116 may be provided, at least in part, on-board robot 102 and/or a component associated with service location 104 (e.g., networked device with monitoring software, etc.).

Robot 102, particularly when located within service location 104, may be subject to monitoring by a number of human and/or automated agents. In one embodiment, robot 102 is within service location 104 and communicates with other agents, such as by sending and receiving signals utilizing antenna 106. Communication components are discussed in greater detail with respect to FIG. 2. Robot 102 may then operate within service area 104 to perform a task. The presence of the entities and their status, such as whether or not a particular entity is actively monitoring robot 102, may be reported, such as via message, website, etc. to inform authorized persons of interest that robot 102 is operating as intended.

In one embodiment, robot 102 communicates with physical security agent 108. Physical security agent 108 may ensure robot 102 is within the expected location for robot 102 (e.g., geo-fencing). Additionally, physical security agent 108 may receive security state indicia indicating that robot 102 has encountered a security threat such as by an accelerometer within robot 102 reporting a signal indicating robot 102 has fallen down a stair or been struck. Other security state indicia may indicate an attempt by an authorized party to access an internal component, remove a component, disable or hinder operation, or other hazard which robot 102 may encounter.

In yet another embodiment, physical security agent 108 may include environmental risks to robot 102 such as power spike, temperature, pressure, hazardous chemical, debris, particulate matter, or other unacceptable operating parameter. Physical security agent 108 may signal robot 102 and/or on-site personnel to remove robot 102 from its present location.

Physical security agent 108 may be an automated supervisor agent that monitors signals and if a security risk is detected, initiate a response. If it appears robot 102 is leaving service location 104, but such a departure is not expected or authorized, a party may be attempting to steal robot 102. Accordingly, physical security agent 108 may signal robot 102 to respond, such as by playing a recorded or live audio message (e.g., “Please return me to the service area,” “Help! I'm being stolen,” etc.), which may be interactive via a microphone and/or camera (“Mr. Customer, why are you moving the robot outside?”). Physical security agent 108 may then authorize the removal if appropriate (e.g., “I am placing the robot outside to be picked up. I no longer need its services”).

Physical security agent 108 may take other actions such as notification of law enforcement, recording images, audio, GPS, and/or other data which may be used by law enforcement to locate robot 102 and parties attempting to steal robot 102. Robot may have a siren, loudspeaker, strobe or other attention-getting signals which may be activated upon a response by physical security agent 108. When physical security agent 108 detects deliberate or suspected deliberate misuse or abuse of robot 102, physical security agent 108 may present the abusing party, via robot 102 and/or other communications channel (e.g., call, text, etc.), with a warning to discontinue such actions, indicate a penalty (e.g., loss of privileges, fee, etc.), or other action designed to mitigate harm inflicted on robot 102 and/or the financial loss to the owner of robot 102.

In another embodiment, physical security agent 108 may monitor robot 102, and inputs received from components of robot 102, to protect persons, property, and data. For example, before performing a high-risk operation (e.g., lighting a gas pilot light, touching an object known to have a high risk of shattering, etc.) physical security agent 108 may require, directly or via robot 102, that all human personnel are at a safe distance before the task is allowed to be performed. In yet another embodiment, physical security 108 may halt the actions of robot 102 and optionally take over inputs (e.g., manipulate a camera, apply a force with an arm, etc.) and, once physical security agent 108 is satisfied, signal robot 102 to proceed with its actions. In still another embodiment, physical security agent 108 may observe an event (e.g., child or pet approaching the robot or other violation of a safety or security protocol) and signal robot 102 to halt operations or perform a safe shut-down (e.g., place itself and other objects under control of robot 102 into a safe condition).

In another embodiment, software agent 110 provides access to one or more downloadable software applications, patches, libraries, etc., to be maintained by a media of robot 102 for future execution. Software agent 110 may receive a request for a service and identify a particular software application or respond to a request for a particular software application. Software agent 110 may access the software application from a repository and may further require an account, payment, authorization, or other permission from personnel associated with service location 104, an agent associated with robot 102, an agent associated with the particular software application, government regulatory agency, and/or other permission-determining entity with the decision-making authority for at least one of robot 102 and service location 104.

In another embodiment, external processing agent 112 provides live executable software to robot 102. Robot 102, even when configured to perform a task, may lack data or data processing required to perform at least a portion of the task. Accordingly, robot 102 may communicate with external processing agent 112 to gain additional data accessing and/or data processing resources. For example, robot 102 may be tasks to repair a washing machine. Due to a parts shortage, the manufacturer installed a motor different from the motor provided in the documentation, which robot 102 may currently have accessed. Robot 102, or other agent in communication with robot 102, may identify the discrepancy. However, robot 102 may not have access to the correct information regarding the actual motor. Accordingly, robot 102 may access external processing agent 112 to access motor documentation, which may comprise instructions for robot 102 to perform a service (e.g., location of mounting bolts, disconnection procedures for wires, etc.). In another example, robot 102 may be performing a task in service location 104 which requires external knowledge (e.g., external temperature, barometric pressure, etc.), such as to calibrate an environmentally-sensitive machine. Robot 102 may access external processing agent 112, causing external processing agent 112 to locate and provide the requested information.

In another embodiment, external processing agent 112 provides at least a portion of executable instructions. For example, with respect to at least one function of robot 102, robot 102 is a “dumb terminal” having processor-executable instructions provided by external processing agent 112 without storing or attempting to store a complete, or substantially complete, set of the instructions in a media of robot 102. In yet another embodiment, external processing agent 112 provides command and control signals to and/or from robot 102. The signals may configure robot 102, operate robot 102 or a portion of robot 102, utilize an input/output device of robot 102, and/or other remote operation directed by external processing agent 112.

In another embodiment, privacy agent 114 may monitor robot 102, and components thereof, to ensure compliance with a privacy policy. In one embodiment, privacy agent 114 detects and reports compliance, or lack of compliance, with a privacy policy. In another embodiment, privacy agent 114 enforces the privacy policy. For example, a robot 102 may be moving throughout service location 104 to access the location for a task. Persons, photographs, and other images may be encountered. Accordingly, privacy agent 114 may cause the camera(s) of robot 102 to degrade (e.g., lower resolution, fewer frames, altered contrast or other image setting, introduced noise, redaction, etc.) until such time as the cameras are required to perform the task. Information gathered, but not needed after the task has been complete, may be monitored by privacy agent 114 and optionally, purged upon privacy agent 114 signaling robot 102.

In another embodiment, third-party monitoring agent 116 monitors and/or audits robot 102. Third-party monitoring agent 116 may receive signals from robot 102 and/or any other agents (e.g., agents 108, 110, 112, 114), human-submitted observations, other automated systems (e.g., robot delivery/servicing, financial, credit reporting, etc.) to determine if robot 102 is operating within a previously determined protocol. Third-party monitoring agent 116 may demine if a violation of protocol has occurred and signal personnel associated with at least one of service location 104, robot 102, and/or other human or automated agent that such a violation has occurred. In another embodiment, third-party monitoring agent 116 may cause, directly or via other agent (e.g., agents 108, 110, 112, 114), and/or personnel to perform corrective action to cause robot 102 to return to operating within the previously determined protocol.

Third-party monitoring agent 116 may access, physically and/or logically, robot 102 before, during, and/or after the performance of a task at service location 104. Should a problem be encountered (e.g., a virus, out-of-protocol programming, etc.) third-party monitoring agent 116 may signal appropriate systems and/or personnel to remedy the issue. For example, a protocol may be established that causes robot 102 to purge all location mapping and images associated with service location 102 upon leaving service location 102. Should third-party monitoring agent 116 perform an audit or otherwise determine that such information was not purged, personnel and/or systems may be signaled that robot 102 has operated outside of the protocol. Accordingly, a malicious or errant program that caused any data to be erroneously retained may be addressed and, if successful, third-party monitoring agent 116 may indicate that robot 102 has returned to operating within the protocol. Additionally, how such errant instructions came to exist in robot 102 may be analyzed to prevent further violations or identify the potential actions of bad actors.

In one embodiment, each of agents 108, 110, 112, 114, and 116 are located externally to robot 102. In another embodiment, at least one of agents 108, 110, 112, 114, and 116 is located internally or co-located with robot 102, entirely or in part. For example, physical security agent 108 may comprise an on-board theft or abuse detection and response component to respond promptly but may be directed by or communicate with an external portion of physical security agent 108, such as a human or automated agent in a contact center which may take, or override, a self-defense, self-preservation, alarm, location, evidence gathering, or other loss prevention action.

FIG. 2 depicts architecture 200 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be appreciated that robot 102 generally, and when configured to perform a specific task, may comprise more, fewer, different, and/or differently arranged components from those illustrated without departing from the scope of the disclosure provided. Robot 102 comprises a number of internal physical and logical components that may be utilized for performing tasks and other operations of robot 102. Robot 102 may interact with the outside world physically by utilization of one or more of mobility/actuator 226, sensor 228, I/O device 230, and communications (or “comm”) link 232.

Robot 102 comprises at least one: the physical capability. In one embodiment, the physical capability is provided by an I/O device 230 as embodied by an output device, which may include, but is not limited to, visual display, speaker, vibrator, indicator, electro-mechanical output, actuator, emitter, etc.

Sensor 228 and/or mobility/actuator 226 may enable robot 102 with physical movements and optionally measure attributes associated with the physical movements. For example, mobility/actuator 226 may be a rotational motor of an arm attached to, or controlled by, robot 102. Sensor 228 may be an encoder monitoring the position of the arm to ensure precision of the rotation of the arm. Sensor 228 may be or utilize other components of robot 102. For example, mobility/actuator 226 may be a rotational motor turning a screw. Sensor 228 may be embodied as a camera (e.g., one of I/O devices 230) and terminate the rotational motion when the camera detects the screw is properly positioned or, if removing the screw, no longer present. Sensor 228 may be embodied as a microphone (e.g., one of I/O devices 230) and detect the sound of the screw falling into a collection pan. Sensor 228 may be a torque-measuring component and determine the screw has been sufficiently tightened or, if the torque abruptly falls, the screw head may have been stripped or sheared off. Upon successfully, or unsuccessfully, completing the task, mobility/actuator 226 may discontinue rotating the screw.

Mobility/actuator 226 may comprise, but not be limited to, an electro-mechanical output to provide robot 102 with locomotion, positioning, orientation, etc. for itself and/or an attachment or associated component. Mobility/actuator 226 may provide an electro-mechanical output to provide robot 102 with a means of applying a force (e.g., push, pull, bend, shear, twist, rotate, etc.), directly or via an attachment or associated component, to another object.

In another embodiment, the physical capability as provided by I/O device 230 embodied as an input device may include, but is not limited to, a sensor, which may be the same as sensor 228 monitoring an associated mobility/actuator 226 or a different I/O device 230 may be configured to provide robot 102 with inputs regarding external factors including, but not limited to, force, temperature, pressure, chemical, electromagnetic, particle, acoustic/mechanical wave, position, location, orientation, acceleration, etc.

Robot 102 may communicate with other electronic devices via communications link 232. Communications link 232 may communicate via radio-frequency (e.g., Bluetooth, WiFi, GPS, cellular, two-way radio, etc.), infrared, or by using other portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Communications link 232 may comprise a wired communication link including, but not limited to, direct connection to another device proximate to the robot, wired telephone, wired Ethernet, and/or wired port (e.g., USB, HDMI, fiber optic, DVD reader/player, etc.).

Onboard I/O 222 provides input/output translation (e.g., drivers, language translation, etc.) to enable other components of robot 102 to utilize/provide input/output device 230. I/O device 230 may allow for the direct interaction with Robot 102 and comprise one or more of direct input device (e.g., keyboard, mouse, trackpad/trackball, electro-mechanical inputs, dynamically determined function button (soft button), camera, microphone, etc.). I/O device 230 may be embodied as an audio device, such as a microphone and speaker, to receive spoken commands, locate sound-emitting sources, acoustic location (sonar), interact with human or automated personnel using a spoken language, audio signal (e.g., alarms, conformation tones, sirens, etc.). I/O device 230 may be embodied as a camera to receive gesture commands, locate objects, locate position of robot 102, or other visual operation. I/O device 230, when embodied as a camera, may comprise a sensor configured to detect one or more electromagnetic wavelengths, including, but not limited to, visual, infrared, ultraviolet, and x-rays. I/O device 230 may comprise imaging and/or distance measuring components (e.g., Radar, LIDAR, etc.). I/O device 230 may also be embodied as a mechanical wave imager (e.g., sonogram, sonar, seismic, etc.). Additionally, mobility/actuator 226 and sensor 228 may operate as a probe to measure distance or determine position for robot 102 or an associated component. In yet another embodiment, I/O device 230 may comprise an emitter configured to provide heating, cooling, partial or wave radiation, chemicals, etc.

Robot 102 comprises a number of components generally local to robot 102. It should be appreciated that local components are generally internal to robot 102, but local components may be externally located (e.g., plugged-in, attached, etc.) or even networked (e.g., accessed via communication link 232) are also contemplated and are within the scope of the disclosure provided herein. Internal components may be interconnected via bus 202 providing data, signals, and/or other information between components of robot 102. Bus 202 may comprise, but not be limited to, inter/intra chip bus, backplane, jumper, etc.

Robot 102 comprises, in part, a computer. As such, robot 102 comprises power module 204 to provide power to components, such as processor 236 and other components. Power 204 may manage batteries, cause the signaling of a low-power state, monitor and/or manage direct power connections, and/or provide power to other components, such as mobility/actuator 226. Power 204 may respond to queries, such as to determine the estimated power duration available or if a certain amount of power, such as to perform a task, is available. Power 204 may manage power from a variety of sources (e.g., solar panels, plug-in, batteries, mechanical energy stores (e.g., springs), etc.) and provide such power to components needing power.

Fault detection 206 comprises means to detect, and optionally manage, any out of parameter operation of robot 102. In one embodiment, processor 236 commands mobility/actuator 226 to apply a force to an object. Mobility/actuator 226 draws power, via power 204, commensurate with the desired force. However, the actually force measured by sensor 228 may be outside of an expected for the force. Fault detection 206 may determine that a fault exists and apply an adjustment (e.g., increase the amount of power requested to apply the desired force) or indicate a fault, known or unknown, which may lead to robot 102 discontinuing a task, seeking assistance from a human or automated agent, or other action associated with a particular fault.

Motion/mobility control 208 comprises drivers and/or other components utilized in translating a requested action into a resulting action. Motion/mobility control 208 may comprise device-specific drivers, for example, mobility/actuator 226 may be a robotic arm having a first set of functionalities. Upgrading the robotic arm may introduce new or different functionalities and, accordingly, motion/mobility control 208 is modified accordingly. In one embodiment, legacy support is provided so that processor 236 issuing a command to the arm (e.g., “retract”) performs the same action on the upgraded arm. Additional, different, or fewer commands/features may also be provided by a particular mobility/actuator 226 and/or sensor 228, and accommodated by, motion/mobility control 208.

Data storage 210 and/or memory 214 comprises a medium enabling data to be stored and accessed by robot 102. Data storage 210 and memory 214 may be integrated or distinct and comprise magnetic, optical, electrical, and/or other data storage media.

In one embodiment, robot 102 may require task-specific instructions and/or data to perform a task. Additionally, task-specific data may be gathered by robot 102. Robot 102 may utilize specific task data 212 for such purposes and, upon completion of a task, discard the data stored in specific task data 212. For example, a mapping of a home (e.g., a service location 104) is performed in order for robot 102 to complete a task. Once the task is complete, such information is unneeded and even presents a security risk. Accordingly, upon completion of the task, specific task data 212 is purged without affecting other data (e.g., data in data storage 210, memory 214, etc.).

Operating software 216 may provide an operating system, drivers, translators, and/or other information in order to facilitate robot 102 performing a task.

Task-specific instructions 218 may comprise task data or instructions. Task-specific instructions 218 may be dynamic and/or removable, such as to facilitate the ready reprogramming of robot 102 for a different task, functionality specific (e.g., operation of a particular sensor, robotic arm, imager, etc.).

Security 220 may provide monitoring, communication, and/or other security operations to protect robot 102 and/or persons, property, and data. Security 220 may ensure safe operation of robot 102. For example, even though a robotic arm is capable of moving at a given high rate of speed, security 220 may limit the speed to ensure safe operation of robot 102. Security 220 may comprise a number of computer protection means, including, but not limited to, anti-virus, communication encryption, theft detection, attack detection, unauthorized access, damage, uncertified hardware/software, suspicious activity, etc.

Communication (or “comm”) management 224 provides operational features to enable robot 102 to utilize communication link 232. For example, communication management 224 may comprise a network interface card (nic), SIM card, and/or other networking components (e.g., 802.11n chipset, GSM chipset, LTE chipset, etc.). Communication link 232 may be provided via emitting/detecting equipment such as antennae, emitter/receiver, port, cable, and/or other communication hardware. Communication management 224 may comprise, alone or in concert with other components, safety and/or power management protocols. For example, communications management 224 may be providing high-definition audio and video to a contact center agent during the performance of a task. The agent may be monitoring a critical or sensitive subject of the task. Should the communication degrade, communications management 224 may throttle down (e.g., reduce resolution, frame rate, etc.) the quality of the video, terminate the audio, or take another action to ensure the agent is able to maintain some observational capability. In another embodiment, communications management 224 may veto a task to be performed by robot 102. Robot 102 may be performing a task that requires an acute observation, provided by a networked agent. If communications management 224 determines that the quality of communications is unsatisfactory, the task may be paused until a better communication link is established.

Communications management 224 may also provide channel management services. For example, robot 102 may be utilizing a public-access wireless network to communicate non-sensitive information (e.g., “heartbeat” signal, battery power remaining, etc.). However, for more sensitive information (e.g., images of service location 104, medical information, etc.) communications management 224 may establish a VPN or utilize a different channel (e.g., cellular network) for such information. Similarly, communications may fail or degrade on one channel and communications management 224 may establish or utilize another channel to help maintain communications.

Communications management 224 may provide more routine computational functions such as maintaining access credentials to networks, authorizing or denying access to robot 102 (e.g., physical or virtual service ports).

Processor 236 may provide general computing (e.g., arithmetic logic unit, graphical processing, etc.) and/or specific (e.g., image processing, gesture interpretation, etc.) for robot 102.

FIG. 3 depicts system 300 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Configured robot 314 may be configured to perform a task or set of tasks from un-configured robot 310. Transformation of un-configured robot 310 to configured robot 314 is variously embodied. In one embodiment, user 302, alone or with benefit of an electronic communication device (e.g., smart phone, Internet connected computer, dedicated robot configuring device, etc.) provides processor 304 with an issue or task. In one embodiment, processor 304 may be a portion of a contact center, robot application store, local device, service provider, and/or other entity or enterprise. User 302 may provide processor 304 with a specific instruction, such as one of instructions 308A-n, requested or identify a task or issue to solve, whereby processor 304 determines the appropriate instruction.

In one embodiment, un-configured robot 310 requires software instructions and a hardware accessory in order to perform a particular task. User 302 provides the issue or task or specifies the instructions causing processor 304 to access data repository 306 comprising instructions 308. Processor 304 determines that instruction C (308C) is the appropriate instruction. Processor 304 then causes un-configured robot 310 to load instruction set 308C thereby causing robot 310 to become configured robot 314. Configured robot 314 may then be deployed for the performance of the task.

User 302 may own or otherwise control unconfigured robot 310. User 302 may install hardware accessory 312 and or instruction C (308C) directly or via request to processor 304. Processor 304 may determine the request requires unconfigured robot 310 to have (e.g., attached, installed, paired, available, in communication with, etc.) hardware accessory 312 to enable configured robot 314 to perform the task. Processor 304 may then instruct a party, such as installer, user 302, or other party to obtain and install hardware accessory 312 into un-configured robot 310 in order to transform un-configured robot 310 into configured robot 314. In another embodiment, such as when user 302 does not have direct access to un-configured robot 310, processor 304 may cause a provisioning entity to access robot 310 install hardware accessory 312 and/or instruction C (308C) to make configured robot 314 available for the performance of the task. In yet another embodiment, the selected instruction, such as instruction C (308C), may be provided to un-configured robot 310 as part of the installation of hardware accessory 312.

Processor 304 may cause or perform certain pre-provisioning, provisioning, pre-deployment, deployment, and/or post-deployment procedures, such as to help ensure the security of configured robot 314, user 302, a service area such as service area 104, and other persons, property, and data. In one embodiment, processor 304 causes un-configured robot 310 to be purged of any nonessential data, hardware, and/or software. Processor 304 may also perform the capabilities assessment, such as to ensure un-configured robot 310, once configured to become configured robot 314, would be capable of performing the task provided to it by user 302 and associated processor 304. In another embodiment, processor 304 may insure the presence of security and/or safety components, including, but not limited to, safety shutoff, antivirus software, location finding components, etc. Additionally, processor 304 may verify other operational characteristics of un-configured robot 310 and/or configured robot 314, such as to ensure configured robot 314 is operating within acceptable performance parameters. For example, processor 304 may ensure that movements are as expected, for example to ensure that a robotic arm is not bent, that sensors are operating as expected, and/or other operational needs of robot 314 are acceptable. Accordingly, un-configured robot 310 or configured robot 314 may be exercised and observed by components internal to un-configured robot 310 or configured robot 314 or external thereto.

Should configured robot 314, or un-configured robot 310 once configured, be determined to be unsuitable or unable to performance the task, processor 304 may attempt to provision a different configured robot 314, dispatch a human agent, or notify user 302 that the task is not able to be performed by a robot and/or seek a different means to perform the task.

FIGS. 4A-4D depict systems comprising robot 102 and instructions 410 selected to configure robot 102 into a task-specific robot. The location of instructions 410 are variously embodied and may enable robot 102 to operate autonomously without any further human involvement. Instructions 410 may be placed on various components accessible to robot 102 as a matter of convenience or as a matter of performance or practicality. For example, instructions 410 may require a number of human inputs, such as preferences, and by locating instructions 410 on a user device (See, FIG. 4B) the user may be presented with detailed graphics or other means by which to make a determination and input their preferences. In another embodiment, the potential set of instructions 410 may be too large to load internally to robot 102; accordingly, various associated components may be provided with instructions 410 to be selectively available to robot 102. For example, robot 102 may be configured to perform a task that has a decision and based on the occurrence of an event, executes one very large file or a second very large file. The problem compounds if there are many path options that may be encountered and many large files. Accordingly, instructions 410, in whole or in part, may be maintained outside of robot 102.

While instructions 102 may be machine instructions and stored as binary data, the media encompassing instructions 410 is variously embodied. While a data download may provide instructions 410 directly to internal storage or memory of robot 410, other media (e.g., magnetic, optical, PROM, ePROM, fPROM, USB memory stick, proprietary media, etc.) may embody instructions 410 and be made available to robot 102.

FIG. 4A depicts system 400 comprising instructions in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, robot 102 comprises instructions 410 located with (e.g., data storage 210, specific task data 212, memory 214, task-specific instructions 218, and/or other storage medium).

FIG. 4B depicts system 406 comprising instructions in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, device 408 comprises instructions 410 accessed by robot 102. Robot 102 may be in communication with device 408 via wired or wireless communications and executing instructions directly retrieved from device 408 and/or downloading at least a portion of instructions 410 for execution. In another embodiment, at least a portion of instructions 410 comprise inputs and/or outputs for human operator of device 408. Device 408 may be local, such as within service area 104, to robot 102. In another embodiment, device 408 may be a significant distance from robot 102, such as via communication incorporating the Internet, cellular network, telephone network, and/or other network.

FIG. 4C depicts system 412 comprising instructions in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, attachment 414 comprises instructions 410 for execution by robot 102. Attachment 414 may comprise a physical capability provider for robot 102, such as mobility/actuator 226, sensor 228, I/O device 230, communication link 232, and/or other component.

FIG. 4D depicts system 416 comprising instructions in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Robot 418 comprises instructions 410 for execution by robot 102. Robot 418 may be a supervisor robot on-site or remotely located or one of a plurality of robots, including robot 102, deployed for the performance of a task. In a further option, robot 418 may be solely provided for the purpose of maintaining instructions 410 for use by robot 102.

FIG. 5A depicts multiple robot system 500 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, service location 104 comprises a plurality of robots engaged in single or disparate tasks. In one embodiment, supervisor robot 502 is provided within service location 104 for the purposes of monitoring robot 102. Supervisor robot 502 may communicate with robot 102 and/or other devices via antenna 504 and associated communication hardware. Additionally, supervisor robot 502 may provide observational supervision such as via camera 506, or other input device (e.g., microphone, radar, etc.). Supervisor robot 502 may determine robot 102 is operating outside of expected parameters, unsafely, unsecurely, or otherwise represents a hazard to itself, supervisor robot 502, persons, property, and/or data.

Supervisor robot 502 may monitor data exchanged or be a conduit for communications to and from robot 102 and monitoring the content thereof. Should robot 102 attempt to provide confidential information, supervisor robot 502 may block the transmission and may further identify robot 102 is compromised. If compromised, robot 102 on its own accord or via command from supervisor robot 502 may cause robot 102 to shut down, discontinue certain operations, enter a safe state, or otherwise take action to mitigate the security risk. Similarly supervisor robot 502 may observe robot 102 performing abnormally or unexpectedly. As a result, supervisor robot 502 may cause robot 102 to change operations, notify an operator, or discontinue performing the operation.

Supervisor robot 502 may monitor a plurality of robots 102 such as to ensure proper coordination of physical activities. For example, robot 102 and a number of peer robots may be attempting to lift four corners of an object uniformly. Supervisor robot 502 may monitor each of robots 102 and the number of peer robots and/or the object being lifted to ensure coordination or take appropriate action if coordination is not evident to the degree expected.

In another embodiment, supervisor robot 502 may be remotely located and outside of service location 104. For example supervisor robot 502 may be outside of a home providing a communication link to robot 102 via short-term communication protocol (e.g., Bluetooth) while supervisor robot 502 communicates with another component via a different network, such as a long-range network utilizing the Internet, cellular telephones, satellite link, etc., supervisor robot 502 may also be located within a contact center or other service provider.

FIG. 5B depicts a second multiple robot system 514 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, a plurality of robots 102 is provided for the performance of the task. For example, robot 102 may form part one of a two-robot team further comprising robot 508. Robot 508 and robot 102 may communicate via radio frequency communications, such as via antennas 510 and 106 or other communication device. Additionally, one or more of robots 102 and robot 508 may comprise a camera 512 or other observational monitoring device as a means of coordination of efforts between robot 102 and robot 508. Robots 102 and 508 may be working in concert to perform a single task (e.g., team lift), the same task with respect to different objects to divide the labor (e.g., each mowing a portion of a field), or different components of the same task (e.g., one operating a motor, the other performing an action with the motor causes an object to be correctly positioned).

Communication to other entities may be provided individually by robot 508 and robot 102, or one of robot 508 and robot 102 may serve as a proxy for the other. In yet another embodiment, robot 508 may comprise supervisor robot 502 (See, FIG. 5A).

With reference now to FIG. 6, communication system 600 is discussed in accordance with at least some embodiments of the present disclosure. The communication system 600 may be a distributed system and, in some embodiments, comprises a communication network 604 connecting one or more communication devices 608 to a work assignment mechanism 616, which may be owned and operated by an enterprise administering contact center 602 in which a plurality of resources 612 is distributed to handle incoming work items (in the form of contacts) from customer communication devices 608.

Contact center 602 is variously embodied to receive and/or send messages that are or are associated with work items and the processing and management (e.g., scheduling, assigning, routing, generating, accounting, receiving, monitoring, reviewing, etc.) of the work items by one or more resources 612. The work items are generally generated and/or received requests for a processing resource 612 embodied as, or a component of, an electronic and/or electromagnetically conveyed message. Contact center 602 may include more or fewer components than illustrated and/or provide more or fewer services than illustrated. The border indicating contact center 602 may be a physical boundary (e.g., a building, campus, etc.), legal boundary (e.g., company, enterprise, etc.), and/or logical boundary (e.g., resources 612 utilized to provide services to customers for a customer of contact center 602).

Furthermore, the border illustrating contact center 602 may be as-illustrated or, in other embodiments, include alterations and/or more and/or fewer components than illustrated. For example, in other embodiments, one or more of resources 612, customer database 618, and/or other component may connect to routing engine 632 via communication network 604, such as when such components connect via a public network (e.g., Internet). In another embodiment, communication network 604 may be a private utilization of, at least in part, a public network (e.g., VPN); a private network located, at least partially, within contact center 602; or a mixture of private and public networks that may be utilized to provide electronic communication of components described herein. Additionally, it should be appreciated that components illustrated as external, such as social media server 630 and/or other external data sources 634 may be within contact center 602 physically and/or logically, but still be considered external for other purposes. For example, contact center 602 may operate social media server 630 (e.g., a website operable to receive user messages from customers and/or resources 612) as one means to interact with customers via their customer communication device 608.

Customer communication devices 608 are embodied as external to contact center 602 as they are under the more direct control of their respective user or customer. However, embodiments may be provided whereby one or more customer communication devices 608 are physically and/or logically located within contact center 602 and are still considered external to contact center 602, such as when a customer utilizes customer communication device 608 at a kiosk and attaches to a private network of contact center 602 (e.g., WiFi connection to a kiosk, etc.), within or controlled by contact center 602.

It should be appreciated that the description of contact center 602 provides at least one embodiment whereby the following embodiments may be more readily understood without limiting such embodiments. Contact center 602 may be further altered, added to, and/or subtracted from without departing from the scope of any embodiment described herein and without limiting the scope of the embodiments or claims, except as expressly provided.

Additionally, contact center 602 may incorporate and/or utilize social media server 630 and/or other external data sources 634 may be utilized to provide one means for a resource 612 to receive and/or retrieve contacts and connect to a customer of a contact center 602. Other external data sources 634 may include data sources, such as service bureaus, third-party data providers (e.g., credit agencies, public and/or private records, etc.). Customers may utilize their respective customer communication device 608 to send/receive communications utilizing social media server 630.

In accordance with at least some embodiments of the present disclosure, the communication network 604 may comprise any type of known communication medium or collection of communication media and may use any type of protocols to transport electronic messages between endpoints. The communication network 604 may include wired and/or wireless communication technologies. The Internet is an example of the communication network 604 that constitutes an Internet Protocol (IP) network consisting of many computers, computing networks, and other communication devices located all over the world, which are connected through many telephone systems and other means. Other examples of the communication network 604 include, without limitation, a standard Plain Old Telephone System (POTS), an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) network, a Voice over IP (VoIP) network, a cellular network, and any other type of packet-switched or circuit-switched network known in the art. In addition, it can be appreciated that the communication network 604 need not be limited to any one network type and instead may be comprised of a number of different networks and/or network types. As one example, embodiments of the present disclosure may be utilized to increase the efficiency of a grid-based contact center 602. Examples of a grid-based contact center 602 are more fully described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0296417 to Steiner, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Moreover, the communication network 604 may comprise a number of different communication media, such as coaxial cable, copper cable/wire, fiber-optic cable, antennas for transmitting/receiving wireless messages, and combinations thereof.

The communication devices 608 may correspond to customer communication devices. In accordance with at least some embodiments of the present disclosure, a customer may utilize their communication device 608 to initiate a work item. Illustrative work items include, but are not limited to, a contact directed toward and received at a contact center 602, a web page request directed toward and received at a server farm (e.g., collection of servers), a media request, an application request (e.g., a request for application resources location on a remote application server, such as a SIP application server), and the like. The work item may be in the form of a message or collection of messages transmitted over the communication network 604. For example, the work item may be transmitted as a telephone call, a packet or collection of packets (e.g., IP packets transmitted over an IP network), an email message, an Instant Message, an SMS message, a fax, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the communication may not necessarily be directed at the work assignment mechanism 616, but rather may be on some other server in the communication network 604 where it is harvested by the work assignment mechanism 616, which generates a work item for the harvested communication, such as social media server 630. An example of such a harvested communication includes a social media communication that is harvested by the work assignment mechanism 616 from a social media network or server 630. Exemplary architectures for harvesting social media communications and generating work items based thereon are described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/784,369, 12/706,942, and 12/707,277, filed Mar. 20, 2010, Feb. 17, 2010, and Feb. 17, 2010, respectively; each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The format of the work item may depend upon the capabilities of the communication device 608 and the format of the communication. In particular, work items are logical representations within a contact center 602 of work to be performed in connection with servicing a communication received at contact center 602 (and, more specifically, the work assignment mechanism 616). The communication may be received and maintained at the work assignment mechanism 616, a switch or server connected to the work assignment mechanism 616, or the like, until a resource 612 is assigned to the work item representing that communication. At which point, the work assignment mechanism 616 passes the work item to a routing engine 632 to connect the communication device 608, which initiated the communication, with the assigned resource 612.

Although the routing engine 632 is depicted as being separate from the work assignment mechanism 616, the routing engine 632 may be incorporated into the work assignment mechanism 616 or its functionality may be executed by the work assignment engine 620.

In accordance with at least some embodiments of the present disclosure, the communication devices 608 may comprise any type of known communication equipment or collection of communication equipment. Examples of a suitable communication device 608 include, but are not limited to, a personal computer, laptop, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), cellular phone, smart phone, telephone, or combinations thereof. In general, each communication device 608 may be adapted to support video, audio, text, and/or data communications with other communication devices 608 as well as the processing resources 612. The type of medium used by the communication device 608 to communicate with other communication devices 608 or processing resources 612 may depend upon the communication applications available on the communication device 608.

In accordance with at least some embodiments of the present disclosure, the work item is sent toward a collection of processing resources 612 via the combined efforts of the work assignment mechanism 616 and routing engine 632. The resources 612 can either be completely automated resources (e.g., Interactive Voice Response (IVR) units, microprocessors, servers, or the like), human resources utilizing communication devices (e.g., human agents utilizing a computer, telephone, laptop, etc.), or any other resource known to be used in contact center 602.

As discussed above, the work assignment mechanism 616 and resources 612 may be owned and operated by a common entity in a contact center 602 format. In some embodiments, the work assignment mechanism 616 may be administered by multiple enterprises, each of which has its own dedicated resources 612 connected to the work assignment mechanism 616.

In some embodiments, the work assignment mechanism 616 comprises a work assignment engine 620, which enables the work assignment mechanism 616 to make intelligent routing decisions for work items. In some embodiments, the work assignment engine 620 is configured to administer and make work assignment decisions in a queueless contact center 602, as is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/882,950, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. In other embodiments, the work assignment engine 620 may be configured to execute work assignment decisions in a traditional queue-based (or skill-based) contact center 602.

The work assignment engine 620 and its various components may reside in the work assignment mechanism 616 or in a number of different servers or processing devices. In some embodiments, cloud-based computing architectures can be employed whereby one or more components of the work assignment mechanism 616 are made available in a cloud or network such that they can be shared resources among a plurality of different users. Work assignment mechanism 616 may access customer database 618, such as to retrieve records, profiles, purchase history, previous work items, and/or other aspects of a customer known to contact center 602. Customer database 618 may be updated in response to a work item and/or input from resource 612 processing the work item.

It should be appreciated that one or more components of contact center 602 may be implemented in a cloud-based architecture in their entirety, or components thereof (e.g., hybrid), in addition to embodiments being entirely on-premises. In one embodiment, customer communication device 608 is connected to one of resources 612 via components entirely hosted by a cloud-based service provider, wherein processing and data storage elements may be dedicated to the operator of contact center 602 or shared or distributed amongst a plurality of service provider customers, one being contact center 602.

In one embodiment, a message is generated by customer communication device 608 and received, via communication network 604, at work assignment mechanism 616. The message received by a contact center 602, such as at the work assignment mechanism 616, is generally, and herein, referred to as a “contact.” Routing engine 632 routes the contact to at least one of resources 612 for processing.

In another embodiment, at least one of resource 612 maybe “robot qualified” and possess the skills to interact with a robot, such as robot 102, and/or devices and personnel associated with robot 102. Resource 612 maybe automated, human, and/or a combination thereof. Resource 612 may instruct, operate, and/or supervise robot 102 or the coordination of robot 102 with other robots, devices, and personnel. In yet another embodiment, resource 612 may qualify, provision, certify/verify, audit, dispatch, retrieve, de-provision, and/or other logistical operation for robot 102, instructions, and/or hardware required for robot 102 to perform a task without undue risk to persons, property, or data.

FIG. 7 depicts communication system 700 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Communication system 700 generally comprises portions of communication system 600, and/or other device-device and device-human communication components, which are omitted for the sake of avoiding unnecessarily complicating the figure. Generally, communication system 700 comprises three nodes which may be, or be at least capable of, communication at the same or different times. In one embodiment, customer 302, which may be utilizing customer communication device 608, is enabled to communicate with contact center 602 and robot-qualified agent 702. Robot-qualified agent 702 comprises at least one of resource 612 having been designated as qualified as having skills related to robots and/or resolving customer service requests by utilizing robotic agents, such as robot 102.

In one embodiment, customer 302 communicates with robot 102 directly and natively. For example, customer 302 communicates to robot 102 by speaking and/or gesturing. As a result, robot 102, for example utilizing I/O device 230 when embodied as a microphone, hears spoken commands or other information provided by customer 302. Similarly I/O device 230, when embodied as a camera, may see customer 302 gesture to issue commands. Gestured commands, natively, may include, but are not limited to, pointing, looking (e.g., eye position), facial expression, waving, sign language, body position, interacting (e.g., pointing, touching, holding, looking, moving, etc.) with an object other than robot 102, physical activity (e.g., running, walking, sitting, standing, etc.), location/orientation (e.g., present in a location having a meaning different than if present in another location, arm position, leg position, etc.), attire, proximity to another human, physical interaction with another human, identity of a proximate other human, role of a proximate other human, and/or other observable human trait, attribute, or behavior.

In another embodiment, customer 302 communicates with robot 102 directly and non-natively. For example, customer 302 may utilize a smart phone or personal computer with a communications link with robot 102 to enable customer 302 to communicate with robot 102. In another embodiment, customer 302 may communicate with robot 102 via an I/O device 230 when embodied as a keypad, button, dial, mouse, touchpad, etc. Additionally, customer 302 may communicate with robot 302 via manipulation of a component in communication with sensor 228 and/or I/O device 230. For example, customer 302 may push robot 102 to convey a command to move, move an arm or other component of robot 102 to cause robot 102 to go to or interact with to an item of interest or perform a desired action. Customer 302 may point (e.g., hand and/arm gesture, eye gesture, etc.) or utilize a pointing device (e.g., stick, cane, laser pointer, etc.) to convey a particular item or location to robot 102 observing customer 302 and/or the pointing device, or an output therefrom, via a camera and/or other I/O device 230.

Customer 302 may communicate with robot-qualified agent 702 via a customer communication device 608. Robot 102 may communicate with robot-qualified agent 702 via a customer communication device 608. Each of customer 302, robot 102, and robot-qualified agent 702 may serve as communication link for the other two. For example, robot-qualified agent 702 and customer 302 may communicate via robot 102, customer 302 and robot 102 may be in communication via robot-qualified agent 702 and/or at least one component of contact center 602, or robot 102 and robot-qualified 702 and/or at least one component of contact center 602 may be in communication via customer 302 and/or customer communication device 608.

In another embodiment, robot 102 may be supervised via one or both of customer 302 and robot-qualified agent 702. Supervision may include being observed, overriding an action, stopping an action, halting an action until permission is granted, emergency shut-down, and/or scuttling robot 102. Scuttling robot 102 may comprise a purging of all data gathered with respect to customer 302 and/or service location 104, the entirety of all volatile memory of robot 102, or the circuitry and data of robot 102 (e.g., such as application of a voltage designed to destroy operations of at least some circuitry, electromagnetic pulse, and/or other means to “brick” robot 102 and render it inoperable and/or devoid of some or all data).

In another embodiment, at least one of customer 302, robot-qualified agent 702, and robot 102 must be authenticated to at least one of the others of customer 302, robot-qualified agent 702, and robot 102. Absent authentication, robot 102 may be disabled entirely, disabled with respect to a particular task, purged of task-specific data and/or instructions, or other action selected for unauthorized parties. Robot 102 may seek to authenticate customer 302 to ensure a person attempting to utilize robot 102 is an authorized party. Robot 102 may ask for a username, password, biometric information, non-verbal password, and/or other input which is designed to be provided only by the authorized party. A non-verbal password may be a gesture of the human or interaction with robot 102. For example, a non-verbal password may comprise the human touching a contact-sensitive portion of an arm of robot 102, then crossing their arms, and then moving the arm of robot 102 in a circle. Robot 102 may evaluate the authentication attempt directly and/or utilize robot-qualified agent 702 and/or other resource of contact center 602.

In another embodiment, robot 102 is authenticated to robot-qualified agent 702 and/or other resource of contact center 602. For example, robot 102 may be selected to receive an instruction, such as one of instructions 308, after customer 302 purchased such instructions thereby enabling robot 102 to perform a task. Customer 302 may have provided robot-qualified agent 702 and/or other resource 612 of contact center 602 with a unique indicia identifying robot 102. Upon robot 102 being authenticated to robot-qualified agent 702 and/or other resource 612 of contact center 602, the instructions 308 are provided to robot 102 and/or activated.

FIG. 8 depicts communication system 800 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, robot 102 communicates with contact center 602, and optionally robot-qualified agent 702, via network 604. As a part of, or link to network 604, robot 102 may utilize one or more of satellite 802, cellular tower 804, local equipment 806, and/or other available network or network component. In one embodiment, local communication equipment 806 comprises equipment providing communication services to/from robot 102 while robot 102 is at service location 104, dispatched to a public site, private site open to the public, private site authorized to be accessed by robot 102, or other location having communication equipment 806 usable by robot 102 when in or proximate to the location.

In another embodiment, local node 808 may comprise a computer, smart phone, tablet computer, storage device, output device, node on a different network, and/or other communication device comprising a node to local communication equipment 806. In one embodiment, local node 808 may be a monitor for communication between robot 102 and contact center 602 utilizing local communication equipment 806. Monitoring may be passive, wherein a user of local node 808 merely observes such communications, or active, wherein a user of local node 808 may authorize, deny authorization, provide input, interact with robot 102, and/or interact with contact center 602 via local node 808.

FIG. 9 depicts interaction 900 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Customer 302 may have a customer service need and interact with contact center 602 to address the need. To avoid unnecessarily complicating the figure, portions of contact center 602 are omitted. In one embodiment, customer 302 initiates contact to request a service from agent 612. In one embodiment, agent 612 is a human agent. In another embodiment, agent 612 is an automated agent. In yet another embodiment, agent 612 comprises portions of a human and portions of a automated agent, such as when a human agent presents or approves a recommendation of an automated agent, a human agent presents or receives information from robot 102 translated into a human-readable language understood by human agent 612. For example, a robot may provide a machine signal (e.g., “ARM1:x=235, y=0, z=183; 15 deg/sec; 3 Newton/meters”) to an automated counterpart of agent 612, which may translate such information and present “arm positioned and turning—low force, low speed” to human counterpart of agent 612 who does not require technical specifics. As a further option, the words (herein presented in English) may be further translated into a language understood by the human counterpart of agent 612.

In one embodiment, step 901 presents an issue to agent 612 from customer 302. Optionally, step 904 may comprise troubleshooting techniques, which may be performed by customer 302 and instructed by agent 612 (e.g., “Have you tried turning it off and on again?” “Check the connector,” etc.). Agent 612 may determine that a robot may be able to perform a task to resolve the issue presented in step 901 and/or discovered during other interaction between customer 302 and agent 612.

Steps 906 and 908 determine that a robot is not available at the location, such as service location 104, to perform a task requiring a physical action at the location. Customer 302 and agent 612 arrange for delivery of a robot at step 910. Next, agent 612 signals server 902 to provision robot 102 in order to perform the task. Server 902 performs provisioning step 912 of robot 102.

Provisioning of robot 102 in step 914 is variously embodied. In one embodiment, robot 102 may be already provisioned to perform the task and step 916 merely performs a verification that robot 102 is “alive” and available to be dispatched to perform the task. In another embodiment, robot 102 lacks the instructions and/or hardware to perform the task and provisioning comprises loading instructions and/or hardware to robot 102 (See, FIG. 3).

Provisioning step 914 may comprise additional efforts to ensure the safety of persons, property, and data. In one embodiment, step 914 provides a “cleaning” process to ensure that robot 102 does not possess unwanted, foreign, unexplained, and/or uncertified code, instructions, settings, etc. Verification step 916 may be provided to validate robot 102. In another embodiment, step 914 provides additional instructions, data, and/or security hardware to robot 102. For example, a “kill” switch, third-party monitoring/auditing software, anti-virus software, encryption, and/or other hardware and/or software may be provided to ensure robot 102 operates as expected without undue risk to persons, property, or data. Step 916 may ensure robot is property configured to perform the task and maintain safety and security. Once step 916 has been completed, robot 102 is ready to be dispatched.

Step 918 dispatches robot 102 to the location of the task, such as service location 104. Dispatch step 918 may comprise shipping robot 102 via freight carrier (e.g., postal service, private courier, etc.), human delivery agent, and/or automated delivery agent. For example, robot 102 may be self propelled and able to navigate to service location autonomously or via a delivery robot (e.g., self-driving car, etc.). Robot 102 then performs task at step 920. Once the task is complete, customer 302 dismisses 922 robot 102. As a further option, agent 612 and/or robot 102, itself, may dismiss robot 102. It should be appreciated that a task is complete when the task has been successfully or unsuccessfully concluded. For example, an additional problem, mistake, failure, or other issue may cause a task to be completed unsuccessfully, wherein another means of performing the task (e.g., different robot, human service agent, abandonment of the task, etc.) may be performed.

Upon completion of the task, data collected by robot 102, and optionally specialized instructions utilized to perform the task, may be purged as a component of cleaning robot 102 at step 924. Step 924 may further comprise charging batteries, removing any specialized hardware or software installed during provisioning step 914. Task- or site-specific data gathered by robot 102 may be purged. Step 924 may further comprise allowing a third-party to verify and/or audit robot 924 to ensure it is “cleaned” to a level determined by a previously established protocol.

FIG. 10 depicts interaction 1000 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Interaction 1000 may be implemented when a robot 102, of unknown or unverified capability, is available to perform the task. In one embodiment, customer 302 contacts agent 612 and presents an issue at step 1002. Step 1004 may be provided to perform information gathering and/or troubleshooting. Agent 612 may determine that a robotic agent would be an option to perform the task. Steps 1006 and 1008 inform agent 612 that a robot is, or will be, available on-site, such as a customer-owned or operated robot.

Agent 612 may be provided with data regarding the on-site robot 102. At step 1010, Agent 612 causes server 902 to provision the robot. Step 1012 connects server 902 to robot 102 for provisioning. Step 1014 verifies the robot. Verification may be query-response (e.g., “What are your capabilities?” “What is your model number?” etc.) or operational. Agent 612 and/or other component of contact center 602 or other data repository may be able to determine capabilities upon accessing a robot's manufacturer, model number, options, etc. Operational verification may determine if robot 102 is capable of performing certain actions or performing certain actions with a required precision or force. For example, instructing robot 102 to perform an action and observing whether the action was performed with sufficient precision, strength, etc. The results may be determined via at I/O Device 206 or other observation. Verify step 1014 may also ensure that needed consumables (e.g., battery charge, chemicals, etc.) are, or can be made, available to robot 102 prior to performing the task.

Step 1014 may further determine that robot 102 has sufficient protection measures in place to ensure property, persons, and data are not going to be placed into a situation with undue risk. For example, step 1014 may ensure anti-viral, third-party monitoring, safety cut-offs, “kill” switch, scuttle, data ports, and/or other features are in working order and compliant with a previously determined safety criteria.

Step 1016 provisions robot 102, such as to ensure robot 102 is configured to perform the task, which may have been identified in step 1002. Step 1016 may be the application of software, hardware component, or both. Step 1016 may further provision additional robots (peer and/or supervisor) and ensure required inter-robot communications are, or will be, available when needed.

In step 1018, robot 102 performs the task and step 1020 cleans the robot. Step 1020 may be the return of physical accessories (attachments, other robots, etc.), the purging of software and/or data no longer needed or authorized, closing of communication channels, and/or other operation to ensure robot 102 is placed in an appropriate state following completion of the task in step 1018.

FIG. 11 depicts interaction 1100 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Three communication nodes may be provided comprising robot 102, customer 302, and agent 612 for communications therebetween. Each node may be active simultaneously or at least one node may be unavailable at certain times in a procedure. In one embodiment, agent 612 serves as a node for communications between customer 302 and robot 102. For example, robot 102 may be delivered, by itself or other means, to customer 302. Customer 302 may be interacting with robot 102 for the first time and calls (e.g., telephone call, video call, text, etc.) a contact center 602, such accessing an automated agent executing on server 902, to begin the process of utilizing robot 102.

Customer 302 may initially connect with server 902, at step 1102, such as via an interactive voice response (IVR) to assess the nature of the call and/or enqueue the call. Customer 302 may ask for or be determined to require a robot-qualified agent at step 1104. Step 1106 identifies a robot-qualified agent, such as agent 612. And, in step 1108, agent 612 is connected to customer 302.

Step 1110 exchanges data between customer 302 and user 612, such as connection information, that may not have previously been obtained. Step 1112 initiates a connection between agent 612 and robot 102 via server 902. Server 902 attempts to connect to robot 102 in step 1114 and, once the connection is established in step 1116, then connects robot 102 to agent 612 in step 1118. As a result, in step 1120 agent 612 and robot 102 are connected.

Optionally, validation/authentication steps may be performed. customer 302 may have been authenticated via a device, such as customer communication device 608 (See, FIG. 6) which in turn authenticates user 302 to a resource 612 of a contact center, such as server 902. However, validation/authentication may still be performed to ensure the correct robot 102 is available to the correct customer 302. For example, in step 1122, agent 612 may ask customer 302 to issue a verbal, textual, gesture, or other password to robot 102. Agent 612 then observes the response, either directly or via receiving indicia that the password is correct as determined by a component electronically monitoring robot 102. Similarly, agent 612 may cause robot 102 to perform an action in step 1124 and ask customer 302 or a device associated with customer 302 if robot 102 is performing a particular action. If successful, then agent 612 has confirmed that robot 102 is associated, and optionally within sight, of customer 302.

FIG. 12 depicts interaction 1200 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In step 1202, customer 302 connects to a resource, such as agent 612, via robot 102 acting as a communication node or endpoint. For example, customer 302 may own or have access to robot 102 and seek to use it for a task. In one embodiment, customer 302 connects a customer communication device 608 to robot 102 for communicating with robot 102 and, optionally, agent 612. In another embodiment, customer 302 communicates directly (e.g., speaking, typing, etc.) with robot 102. Next, robot 102 connects with server 920 in step 1204. Server 902, in step 1206, identifies a robot-qualified agent, such as agent 612 and, in step 1208, joins agent 612 to robot 102 for communications therebetween.

In step 1210, robot-to-agent communications are provided and, in step 1212, connection information is obtained to enable agent-to-customer communications. Step 1212, may be the determination that robot 102 will facilitate agent-to-customer communications, obtaining a telephone number or other telecommunications address that agent 612 may utilize to call or otherwise establish another communications channel with customer 302. Accordingly, in step 1214, agent 612 may initiate the connection with customer 302 via server 902. Server 902 then connects to customer 302 at step 1216 and, in step 1218, customer 302 and agent 612 are connected.

Optionally, validation steps 1220 and/or 1222 are provided. For example, in step 1220, agent 612 may prompt customer 302 for a username, password, password gesture or other authentication indicia. Robot 102 may observe and report or serve as a communications node for agent-customer communications. If not already authenticated, step 1222 may be performed to authenticate robot 102 to agent 612.

Once agent 612, customer 302, and robot 102 are in communication, certain tasks may then be possible. For example, customer 302 may explain an issue and agent 612 may initiate an action on robot 102 to resolve the issue. Communications need not happen in parallel. For example, robot 102 may operate autonomously while agent 612 is connected to customer 302 to ask if the task was performed satisfactorily, resolve any outstanding issues, and, if necessary, coordinate purging of any sensitive information no longer needed, arrange the retrieval of robot 102 or an accessory thereof.

FIG. 13 depicts interaction 1300 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Certain tasks may not be able to be completed by robot 102 alone. For example, customer 302 may need to make a selection to their liking or assist robot 102 with a physical task. In one embodiment, agent 612 may be utilized to coordinate efforts between user customer 302 and robot 102. In step 1302, agent 612 directs user 302 to perform a particular task. In step 1304, agent 612 directs robot 102 to perform a counterpart portion of the task. For example, robot 102 may access a live wire upon user 302 disconnecting power to the wire and so communicating the fact to agent 612. In another example, robot 102 may be performing a medical function and agent 612 may coordinate with user 302 to address any preliminary tasks (e.g., position an arm for a blood pressure cuff, etc.) and signal robot 102 to begin the task (e.g., taking a blood pressure, etc.).

Agent 612 may provide task instructions 1306 to server 902 for implementation via robot 102, such as to perform the robot portion of a task at step 1310. Similarly, server 902 may issue task instructions to user 302 in step 1308 to further automate the performance of a coordinated task.

FIG. 14 depicts device 1400 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Device 1400 may be one of communication devices 608 configured with functionality associated with robot 102 with which device 1400 may be in communication directly or via contact center 602. Device 1400 may comprise an input and/or output means for robot 102 via communication link 232, sensor 228, and/or I/O device 230. Device 1400 may comprise a network communication to utilize local (e.g., WiFi, infrared, etc.) communications and/or distance communications (e.g., cellular, GPS, etc.) for inputs and/or outputs. Optionally, device 1400 may be wired (e.g., Ethernet, direct connection to robot 102, etc.).

Device 1400 may comprise display 1402 proving statuses, input means, and/or outputs for robot 102. In one embodiment, device 1400 may be utilized for providing robot 102, authorizing robot 102 to perform a task; pausing or terminating operations of robot 102; and optionally scuttling robot 102, such as be causing the destructive, or non-destructive, purging of data and/or circuitry within robot 102. Device 1400 may be utilized and a communication device with contact center 602 and agent 612 and may further operate as a node in a communication link between contact center 602 and robot 102 and/or a third-party, such as via an verification and/or auditing service.

FIG. 15 depicts service scenario 1500 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Object 1502 is located within service area 104 and requires service further comprising at least one physical interaction. Object 1502 may be an inanimate object, such as a washing machine as illustrated, or an animate object, including plants, humans, and veterinary subjects. For example, object 1502 may be a human needing a medical test, treatment, and/or therapy. In another example, object 1502 may need assembly, repair, diagnostics, inspection, and/or assessment.

In one embodiment, user 302, utilizing customer communication device 608, contacts resource 612, which may be a human and/or automated resource. User 302 reports an issue (e.g., “My washing machine has started to shake and make a strange noise.”), which is associated with a work item. Resource 612 may obtain more information and/or attempt to resolve the issue associated with the work item. In another embodiment, object 1502 may report itself to resource 612, such as when inanimate object 1502 provides an indication of a required service or an approaching scheduled service date. Accordingly, object 1502 may communicate directly with resource 612 or interaction with resource 612 may be omitted entirely.

FIG. 16 depicts a resolution path selection 1600 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. One or more resolution paths may be selected to resolve a work item. In one embodiment, server 1602 may comprise and/or access a data repository having issues and associated resolution paths, and optionally, one or more of prior success rates, prior customer satisfaction rate, human involvement (e.g., remote, customer/on-site, technician, etc.), task duration, time until task initiation, cost, and/or other aspect of providing a on-site customer service task. A particular resolution path may require human involvement. If the human involvement must be provided at service location 104, a human on site (e.g., user 302, other user, etc.) may be evaluated to determine the ability and/or willingness to perform the human-required task. If an on-site human is not able or willing to perform the task, a technician may be dispatched to perform the task. Human involvement may be performed remotely, such as via resource 612 utilizing robot 102, customer communication device 608, and/or other communication means to perform a remote-human task. Should remote accessibility be unavailable (e.g., remote location, secure installation, etc.), the remote human may require replacement with an on-site human.

In one embodiment, a single resolution path is selected, such as one path comprising nodes 1602B, 1604A, 1606A and another path comprising nodes 1602D, 1604B, and 1606B. In another embodiment, a plurality of resolution paths are selected, such as both of paths comprising nodes 1602B, 1604A, 1606A and path comprising nodes 1602D, 1604B, and 1606B. A combination of resolution paths may be provided to address a single issue with two or more potential resolutions, which may further comprise an on-site or other assessment to determine which one of the two or more potential resolutions will be executed to completion. In another embodiment, a plurality of resolution paths may be provided to address a plurality of issues.

In one embodiment, server 1602, which may comprise a server of contact center 602, such as work assignment mechanism 616, work assignment engine 620, one of resources 612 when provided as an automated resource 612, etc. Server 1602, having received an issue directly or via another resource 612, has identified a complaint (e.g., washing machine now making a squealing noise) associated with a work item (e.g., resolve the issue creating the noise). Accordingly, server 1602 has identified nodes 1602A-1602F as potential causes of the issue and they are associated with a means to complete the work item. For example, server 1602 has identified, such as via interaction with user 302 and/or agent 612 (see FIG. 15), that the likely culprit is associated with nodes 1602B and 1602D and presented the information to resource 612. Resource 612 has determined on-site assessment 1604A and 1604B, which may comprise the same or different act, are required and will lead to robot 102 performing task 1606A and/or 1606B. The on-site assessment 1604A may be of a belt and lead to the discovery of a foreign object causing robot 102 to execute task 1606B or to replace the belt during execution of task 1606A. On-site assessment 1604B may similarly lead to the removal of a foreign object in step 1606B or to the replacement of the belt in step 1606A. Accordingly, a first resolution path comprising nodes 1602B, 1604A, 1606A and/or a second resolution path comprising nodes 1602D, 1604B, and 1606B may be selected to address the work item.

FIG. 17 depicts capability requirement determination diagram 1700 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. A number of resolution paths may be available to resolve a work item, each comprising tasks that may be unique to a particular resolution path or shared by two or more resolution paths. A number of resolution paths, comprising tasks illustrated as nodes in diagram 1700, are performed by one or more actors (the actors may be human or robotic).

If a work item has a physical component, an on-site actor will be required to perform the physical component and, once on site or if already on site, may perform other tasks that could otherwise be preformed via remote access. Robot 102 may comprise a number of features. Robot 102 may not be presently able to perform all tasks and require the addition of a hardware and/or software component to acquire the ability to perform the task. Certain tasks may be designated as human-only tasks, such as user 302 providing an input associated with a preference of user 302. Another task may require a human agent, who may be a remote agent, such as a human embodiment of resource 612 to provide services, such as approve a destructive action, supervise robot 102, etc. Still other tasks may require a human technician to be on site, such as to perform an action for which robot 102 is not configured to perform and no other on-site human is able or willing to perform the task. Still other resolution paths with be comprised of tasks performed entirely by robot 102, whether as-is or with the addition of a permanent or temporary addition of a hardware and/or software component.

A preferred resolution path may be selected based on cost, time, resources required, likelihood of success, lack of human involvement, etc. Often a preferred resolution path implements robot 102, which may already be on site (e.g., customer owned) at service location 104 or provided to the site and presently able to perform the tasks in a particular resolution path, or is otherwise configurable to enable robot 102 to perform the tasks in the resolution path. For example, one resolution path may require tightening a loose nut while another resolution path may require tightening the counterpart loose bolt. User 302 may have robot 102 available and able to turn the nut but not the bolt, accordingly, a resolution path is selected which resolves the issue (e.g., tightening a loose bolt-nut combination) associated with a work item (e.g., a rattle), and is within the operational capability of a particular robot 102 (e.g., ability to tighten a nut).

If robot 102 is not already on site at service location 104, robot 102 may be provided to service location 104 from a vendor of an item being serviced, rental company, robot retailer, and/or other provider.

In one embodiment, four resolution paths are selected as candidates to resolve a work item. Path 1 (1740) comprises tasks 1712 and 1716, path 2 (1742) comprises tasks 1720 and 1722, path 3 (1744) comprises task 1726, and path 4 (1746) comprises tasks 1728, 1730, and 1734. In addition to the tasks specific to each path, common path 1738 comprises tasks 1702, 1706, and 1708 which are performed for each of paths 1-4 (1740, 1742, 1744, and 1746). For example, resolving an issue with a noisy washing machine, such as object 1502 (see FIG. 15), may comprise removing screws holding a plate that covers an access port. Each resolution path must identify the screws, remove the screws, and remove the plate to obtain access to the interior of an item being serviced to resolve a work item.

In another embodiment, a particular task may have an associated hardware and/or software requirement. For example, common path 1738 comprises task 1702 having requirement 1704 for “Software D” and task 1708 having requirement 1710 for “Hardware A.” Tasks not performable by robot 102 may have a designated human. For example, task 1726 requires the customer, such as user 302, and task 1720 requires a remote agent, such as resource 612. Tasks 1706 and 1728 have no associated requirements identified, such as when the minimum capability of robot 102 is known to be sufficient to perform a particular task (e.g., basic mathematical operations, counting, pausing for a period of time, etc.). In another embodiment, decision task 1710 may be provided, such as when a particular resolution path cannot be determined with certainty until at least one preliminary task is completed. For example, opening an access port of a washing machine to determine if a foreign object is the issue, or an issue, or if another issue has been detected. A candidate task may be selected, such as based upon a most likely scenario, least evasive, least resource intensive, or other objective to allow robot 102 to perform resolution for a work item, even if the resolution is not known with certainty to address the work item.

FIG. 18 depicts requirement table 1800 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Table 1800 may be embodied as a memory and/or storage medium record or records. In one embodiment, table 1800 comprises records 1812A-1812D, associated with a resolution path, such as paths 1740, 1742, 1744, and 1746 (See, FIG. 17).

In another embodiment, records 1812A-1812D may comprise entries associated with requirement(s) for the associated resolution path, such as whether software 1802, hardware 1804, remote human agent 1806, customer 1808, and/or other on-site technician 1810. In another embodiment, requirements such as software 1802 and/or hardware 1804 may comprise a subset of requirements, for example record 1812A indicates that for “Path 1” Software A, Software D, Hardware A, and Hardware B are required. The requirement for a human resource(s) may also be indicated. For example, record 1812B indicates a remote human agent is required and record 1812C indicates the customer is required to perform an action.

It should be appreciated that table 1800 may comprise more or fewer data elements, data elements that are further segregated, aggregated, and/or structured may also be implemented without departing from the scope of the disclosure provided herein. For example, the requirement of a particular hardware component (e.g., “Hardware B”) may be further refined and include entries for a particular make, model, capacity, calibration, accuracy, number of prior uses/hours, time/uses since last inspection, etc. The requirements of a particular resolution path (e.g., elements in records 1812A-1812D) provide a set of requirements for robot 102, and optionally incorporate a human to perform certain tasks, or to resolve the work item utilizing tasks associated with a particular resolution path.

FIG. 19 depicts robot capability table 1900 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, table 1900 comprises a number of records 1908A-1908D associated with a number of robots 102. Table 1900 determines which resolution paths are presently available to be performed by robot 102, based on current and/or obtainable capabilities. Other robots 102, such as from a robot rental company or other source, may also be considered, such as when a customer's robot 102 is in disrepair or unable to perform a task required by all candidate resolution paths.

In one embodiment, records 1908A and 1908B comprise data elements of available robots, such as a customer-owned robot of record 1908A and an available rental robot of record 1908B. Records 1908A-1908D may comprise records for specific robots, robots presently available, robots that could be made available, and/or robot components (hardware and/or software) that could be added to a particular robot. Accordingly, records 1908A-1908D may comprise software entries 1902, hardware entries 1904, human requirements 1906, and may further comprise specific sub-categories 1910.

Record 1908C may indicate associated downloadable capabilities, such as provisioning robot 102 with a particular software application via connection to a remote software repository. Record 1908D may indicate associated deliverable capabilities, such as provisioning robot 102 with a particular hardware component.

In another embodiment, entries 1908A-1908D and entries 1812A-1812D are compared to determine a preferred resolution path. In one embodiment, a preferred resolution path comprises an available resolution path with tasks that are performable solely by robot 102 already on site in service location 104. In another embodiment, a preferred resolution path comprises an available resolution path with tasks that are performable solely by robot 102 already on site in service location 104 once provided with downloadable software and/or data. As can be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art, the selection of a resolution path from one or more candidate resolution paths may be provided in an order wherein customer or other human involvement, cost, speed, predicted success, need for additional hardware and/or software, and/or other factors may be considered in order to resolve the issue associated with a work item and provide a desired level of customer service utilizing robot 102 on site, if capable, or the next best robot 102, which may be a robot 102 not on site and/or a configuration of a particular robot 102 with hardware/software to become capable.

FIG. 20 depicts a resolution path selection process 2000 in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. In one embodiment, step 2002 receives an issue, such as by contact center 602, or a component thereof (e.g., work assignment mechanism 616, work assignment engine 620, etc), via communication network 604, which may then be associated with a work item to be resolved. Step 2004 determines one or more resolution paths, such as by server 1602. Step 2006 accesses at least one robot 102 to determine the capabilities thereof. Step 2006 may comprise accessing data, such as table 1900 and/or querying robot 102 directly, such as to determine the presence of a component, assessment of a component, perform a calibration, determine tolerances, etc. Next, test 2008 determines whether a deficiency exists in the ability of robot 102 to execute any one or more resolution paths determined in step 2004. If test 2008 is determined in the negative, process 2000 may proceed to step 2020 wherein a particular resolution path is selected or accepted and may further initiate and/or signal the resolution of the issue by robot 102.

If test 2008 is determined in the affirmative, process 2000 may execute test 2010 and test 2012 in parallel or in series to determine if a deficiency is resolvable via installation of downloadable software (step 2010) or via deliverable hardware or software (step 2012). If either or both of test 2010 and test 2012 are determined in the negative, indicating that robot 102 is deficient to execute the resolution path and cannot be provisioned to become able to execute the resolution path, step 2016 may be performed wherein an alternative resolution to the work item may be initiated. Step 2016 may be the dispatching of a human technician, or the selection of a different robot 102 and/or resolution option.

However, if robot 102 is deficient (as determined by test 2008), and test 2010 is determined in the affirmative, if the deficiency is software, step 2014 installs and, if necessary, first obtains the software for installation in robot 102 to resolve the deficiency. Similarly, if robot 102 is deficient (as determined by test 2008), and test 2012 is determined in the affirmative, if the deficiency is hardware, step 2018 may deliver the hardware required to alleviate the deficiency. It should be appreciated that step 2014 may comprise other means of obtaining software, including purchasing or obtaining software-baring media, as well as downloading. Similarly, step 2018 may comprise the delivery of a hardware component. It should also be appreciated that step 2018 may also comprise configuring robot 102 (e.g., removing an unwanted component, installing a hardware component already available, obtaining a hardware component by user 302 or other party, etc.). Once tests 2010, if the deficiency is software, and/or test 2012, if the deficiency is hardware, have been resolved by steps 2014 and/or 2018, as appropriate, step 2020 may then be performed and robot 102 may execute the resolution of the selected resolution path.

In another embodiment, step 2022 provides an evaluation of the resolution provided by robot 102 and optionally any human actors who performed any tasks of the resolution path provided not performed by robot 102. Robot 102 may record inputs, such as audio, video, images, locations, actions (e.g., forces applied, steps performed, etc.), inputs received (e.g., via on-site or remote personnel and/or systems), etc. via inputs received from one or more of mobility/actuator 226, sensor 228, communications link 232, and I/O device 230 for storage locally (e.g., memory 214, data storage 210, specific task data 212, and/or task-specific data 218) and/or remotely (e.g., a storage of contact center 602, customer remote storage, customer local storage, customer communication device 608, etc.). The recorded inputs may be played back directly from robot 102, a component of contact center 602, customer communication device 608, etc., such as to provide a reviewable record of the actions performed and/or the motivation for such actions.

Contact center 602 may use such recordings to score resolution paths, resources 612, a particular robot or robot type, etc., so that the customer service may be improved, such as by rewarding humans that perform well, selecting resolution paths/tasks that work well, identifying training needs for humans that do not perform well, avoiding resolution paths/tasks that do not perform well, etc. As a benefit, work items resolved entirely or in part by robot 102 may provide a continually improving customer service experience and cause similar deployments of robot 102 to perform tasks more likely to effectively resolve the work item.

In the foregoing description, for the purposes of illustration, methods were described in a particular order. It should be appreciated that in alternate embodiments, the methods may be performed in a different order than that described. It should also be appreciated that the methods described above may be performed by hardware components or may be embodied in sequences of machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause a machine, such as a general-purpose or special-purpose microprocessor (e.g., GPU, CPU), or logic circuits programmed with the instructions to perform the methods (e.g., FPGA).

These machine-executable instructions may be stored on one or more machine-readable mediums, such as CD-ROMs or other type of optical disks, floppy diskettes, ROMs, RAMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, magnetic or optical cards, flash memory, or other types of machine-readable mediums suitable for storing electronic instructions. Alternatively, the methods may be performed by a combination of hardware and software.

While machine-executable instructions may be stored and executed locally to a particular machine (e.g., personal computer, mobile computing device, laptop, etc.), it should be appreciated that the storage of data and/or instructions and/or the execution of at least a portion of the instructions may be provided via connectivity to a remote data storage and/or processing device or collection of devices, commonly known as “the cloud,” but may include a public, private, dedicated, shared and/or other service bureau, computing service, and/or “server farm.”

Examples of the microprocessors as described herein may include, but are not limited to, at least one of Qualcomm® Snapdragon® 800 and 801, Qualcomm® Snapdragon® 610 and 615 with 4G LTE Integration and 64-bit computing, Apple® A7 microprocessor with 64-bit architecture, Apple® M7 motion coprocessors, Samsung® Exynos® series, the Intel® Core™ family of microprocessors, the Intel® Xeon® family of microprocessors, the Intel® Atom™ family of microprocessors, the Intel Itanium® family of microprocessors, Intel® Core® i5-4670K and i7-4770K 22 nm Haswell, Intel® Core® i5-3570K 22 nm Ivy Bridge, the AMD® FX™ family of microprocessors, AMD® FX-4300, FX-6300, and FX-8350 32 nm Vishera, AMD® Kaveri microprocessors, Texas Instruments® Jacinto C6000™ automotive infotainment microprocessors, Texas Instruments® OMAP™ automotive-grade mobile microprocessors, ARM® Cortex™-M microprocessors, ARM® Cortex-A and ARM926EJ-S™ microprocessors, other industry-equivalent microprocessors, and may perform computational functions using any known or future-developed standard, instruction set, libraries, and/or architecture.

Any of the steps, functions, and operations discussed herein can be performed continuously and automatically.

The exemplary systems and methods of this disclosure have been described in relation to robotic service agents. However, to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present disclosure, the preceding description omits a number of known structures and devices. This omission is not to be construed as a limitation of the scope of the claimed disclosure. Specific details are set forth to provide an understanding of the present disclosure. It should, however, be appreciated that the present disclosure may be practiced in a variety of ways beyond the specific detail set forth herein.

Furthermore, while the exemplary embodiments illustrated herein show the various components of the system collocated, certain components of the system can be located remotely, at distant portions of a distributed network, such as a LAN and/or the Internet, or within a dedicated system. Thus, it should be appreciated, that the components of the system can be combined into one or more devices, such as a robot integrated with a communication device, or collocated on a particular node of a distributed network, such as an analog and/or digital telecommunications network, a packet-switched network, or a circuit-switched network. It will be appreciated from the preceding description, and for reasons of computational efficiency, that the components of the system can be arranged at any location within a distributed network of components without affecting the operation of the system. For example, the various components can be located in a switch such as a PBX and media server, gateway, in one or more communications devices, at one or more users' premises, or some combination thereof. Similarly, one or more functional portions of the system could be distributed between a telecommunications device(s) and an associated computing device.

Furthermore, it should be appreciated that the various links connecting the elements can be wired or wireless links, or any combination thereof, or any other known or later developed element(s) that is capable of supplying and/or communicating data to and from the connected elements. These wired or wireless links can also be secure links and may be capable of communicating encrypted information. Transmission media used as links, for example, can be any suitable carrier for electrical signals, including coaxial cables, copper wire, and fiber optics, and may take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio-wave and infra-red data communications.

Also, while the flowcharts and interactions have been discussed and illustrated in relation to a particular sequence of events, it should be appreciated that changes, additions, and omissions to this sequence can occur without materially affecting the operation of the disclosure.

A number of variations and modifications of the disclosure can be used. It would be possible to provide for some features of the disclosure without providing others.

In yet another embodiment, the systems and methods of this disclosure can be implemented in conjunction with a special purpose computer, a programmed microprocessor or microcontroller and peripheral integrated circuit element(s), an ASIC or other integrated circuit, a digital signal microprocessor, a hard-wired electronic or logic circuit such as discrete element circuit, a programmable logic device or gate array such as PLD, PLA, FPGA, PAL, special purpose computer, any comparable means, or the like. In general, any device(s) or means capable of implementing the methodology illustrated herein can be used to implement the various aspects of this disclosure. Exemplary hardware that can be used for the present disclosure includes computers, handheld devices, telephones (e.g., cellular, Internet enabled, digital, analog, hybrids, and others), and other hardware known in the art. Some of these devices include microprocessors (e.g., a single or multiple microprocessors), memory, nonvolatile storage, input devices, and output devices. Furthermore, alternative software implementations including, but not limited to, distributed processing or component/object distributed processing, parallel processing, or virtual machine processing can also be constructed to implement the methods described herein.

In yet another embodiment, the disclosed methods may be readily implemented in conjunction with software using object or object-oriented software development environments that provide portable source code that can be used on a variety of computer or workstation platforms. Alternatively, the disclosed system may be implemented partially or fully in hardware using standard logic circuits or VLSI design. Whether software or hardware is used to implement the systems in accordance with this disclosure is dependent on the speed and/or efficiency requirements of the system, the particular function, and the particular software or hardware systems or microprocessor or microcomputer systems being utilized.

In yet another embodiment, the disclosed methods may be partially implemented in software that can be stored on a storage medium, executed on programmed general-purpose computer with the cooperation of a controller and memory, a special purpose computer, a microprocessor, or the like. In these instances, the systems and methods of this disclosure can be implemented as a program embedded on a personal computer such as an applet, JAVA® or CGI script, as a resource residing on a server or computer workstation, as a routine embedded in a dedicated measurement system, system component, or the like. The system can also be implemented by physically incorporating the system and/or method into a software and/or hardware system.

Although the present disclosure describes components and functions implemented in the embodiments with reference to particular standards and protocols, the disclosure is not limited to such standards and protocols. Other similar standards and protocols not mentioned herein are in existence and are considered to be included in the present disclosure. Moreover, the standards and protocols mentioned herein and other similar standards and protocols not mentioned herein are periodically superseded by faster or more effective equivalents having essentially the same functions. Such replacement standards and protocols having the same functions are considered equivalents included in the present disclosure.

The present disclosure, in various embodiments, configurations, and aspects, includes components, methods, processes, systems and/or apparatus substantially as depicted and described herein, including various embodiments, subcombinations, and subsets thereof. Those of skill in the art will understand how to make and use the present disclosure after understanding the present disclosure. The present disclosure, in various embodiments, configurations, and aspects, includes providing devices and processes in the absence of items not depicted and/or described herein or in various embodiments, configurations, or aspects hereof, including in the absence of such items as may have been used in previous devices or processes, e.g., for improving performance, achieving ease, and\or reducing cost of implementation.

The foregoing discussion of the disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The foregoing is not intended to limit the disclosure to the form or forms disclosed herein. In the foregoing Detailed Description for example, various features of the disclosure are grouped together in one or more embodiments, configurations, or aspects for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. The features of the embodiments, configurations, or aspects of the disclosure may be combined in alternate embodiments, configurations, or aspects other than those discussed above. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed disclosure requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment, configuration, or aspect. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of the disclosure.

Moreover, though the description of the disclosure has included description of one or more embodiments, configurations, or aspects and certain variations and modifications, other variations, combinations, and modifications are within the scope of the disclosure, e.g., as may be within the skill and knowledge of those in the art, after understanding the present disclosure. It is intended to obtain rights, which include alternative embodiments, configurations, or aspects to the extent permitted, including alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges, or steps to those claimed, whether or not such alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures, functions, ranges, or steps are disclosed herein, and without intending to publicly dedicate any patentable subject matter. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A system, comprising: a data repository; a microprocessor; a network interface connecting the microprocessor to a communication network; and the microprocessor: receives, via the network interface, a work item requiring a physical act at a service location; performing an assessment of a robot, the assessment determining a capability to perform an operation required to resolve the work item; selecting a resolution in accord with the capability, wherein the resolution addresses the work item; provisioning the robot with the resolution; and signaling the robot to execute the resolution.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the microprocessor: performs the assessment to determine the capability of the robot to perform a candidate resolution to resolve the work item; and upon determining the robot has the capability to perform the candidate resolution, selects the candidate resolution as the resolution.
 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the operation is a mechanical operation.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the operation is a computational operation.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein: the microprocessor, upon performing the assessment, determining the capability to perform the operation is absent: selects a remedy to provide the robot with the capability to perform the operation; and signals a provisioning component to transform the robot by providing the remedy to the robot.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the provisioning component comprises a software application repository.
 7. The system of claim 5, wherein the provisioning component comprises a robotic hardware repository.
 8. The system of claim 5, wherein the provisioning component comprises a connection, via the network interface, to a communication device associated with a user at the service location.
 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the resolution is further selected by the microprocessor in accord with a more successful result to a first prior work item over a less successful result to a second prior work item.
 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the selection of the resolution comprises selecting, by the microprocessor, a plurality of resolutions.
 11. The system of claim 1, wherein a sufficiency comprises a level of the sufficiency satisfying a minimum capability required to perform the operation.
 12. The system of claim 1, wherein: determining the capability to perform the operation required to resolve the work item, comprises determining, by the microprocessor, a setting for an adjustable capability; and wherein provisioning the robot comprises, signaling the robot to acquire the capability comprising applying, by the microprocessor, the setting of the adjustable capability.
 13. The system of claim 1, wherein: the robot further comprises a camera; and the assessment further comprises, signaling the robot to perform an evaluation operation and monitoring, by the microprocessor, the compliance of the execution of the evaluation operation via signals from the camera.
 14. An electronic device, comprising: a data repository; a microprocessor; a network interface connecting the microprocessor to a network; and wherein the microprocessor: receives, via an interface of the electronic device, a work item requiring a physical act at a service location; performs an assessment of a robot, the assessment determining a capability to perform an operation required to resolve the work item; selects a resolution in accord with the capability, wherein the resolution addresses the work item; provisions, via the network, the robot with the resolution; and signals the robot to execute the resolution.
 15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the microprocessor selects the resolution in accord with a signal received from a contact center via the network interface.
 16. The electronic device of claim 14, further comprising: a camera; and wherein the assessment comprises signaling the robot to perform an evaluation operation and evaluating the evaluation operation via an observation of the robot by the camera.
 17. A robot, comprising: a data repository; a microprocessor; a user interface; and wherein the microprocessor: receives, via the user interface, a work item requiring a physical act at a service location; performs an assessment of a robot, the assessment determining a capability to perform an operation required to resolve the work item; accesses, from the data repository, a plurality of resolutions addressing the work item; selects one of the plurality of resolutions in accord with the capability; provisions the robot with the resolution; and signals the robot to execute the resolution.
 18. The robot of claim 17, further comprising: a network interface connecting the microprocessor to a communication network; and wherein the data repository comprises an accessed data repository, located remotely to the robot and accessed via the network interface connection to a network.
 19. The robot of claim 17, further comprising: a network interface connecting the microprocessor to a communication network; the microprocessor determines that none of the plurality of resolutions are in accord with the capability due to a software deficiency; and causing the robot to obtain, via the network interface, a software remedy to alleviate the software deficiency; and selecting the one of the plurality of resolutions in accord with the capability comprising the software remedy.
 20. The robot of claim 17, further comprising: a camera; and performing the assessment of the robot, further comprises, the microprocessor causing the robot to perform an evaluation operation and monitoring, by the microprocessor receiving signals from the camera, compliance with the evaluation operation. 